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Text Chapter 355 Engine and Duralumin

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.    Chapter 355 Engine and Duralumin

    On the banks of the Qijiang River, a river ship slowly docked at the pier. The porters waiting on the shore immediately rushed over, carrying cows and pulling cattle on their shoulders, shouting loudly.

    In the distance, more than a dozen tall chimneys continuously spew black mist into the sky, and the brand-new railway roadbed radiates towards Chengdu and Yibin at the same time. Since the National Defense Forces Pioneer Regiment entered Sichuan to occupy Chongqing, Sichuan's second largest city has entered  It¡¯s different from China¡¯s rhythm.

    When Ma Kui was stationed in Chongqing as the commander of the base, Yang Qiu started the work of selecting a site and laying the foundation through him. After nearly two years, thousands of sub-river ships came and went, and a large-scale industrial base finally appeared on the banks of the Qijiang River.  , special steel factory, military factory, machinery factory, engine factory, planned boiler factory, special vehicle factory, etc. If you follow the two railway lines, you can also find Zigong hydrochloric acid plant, natural gas plant, caustic soda plant, Qijiang coal and iron base  , Meishan lead-zinc mine, Qingchuan bauxite mine, etc.

    If you add in the eight technical worker training schools established in Chengdu, Chongqing and other places, they will be combined into a complete Chongqing Industrial Company. Although only one-tenth of its construction has been completed, most of the workers are in training, and the machinery and equipment  Most of the shortfall is due to lack of technology, not to mention lack of technology, and the controlled mines are also under-exploited due to lack of equipment, but no one can deny that under Yang Qiu's forward-looking eyes, the industrial skeleton has begun to emerge bit by bit.

    Industry is a waste of money. This is a fact that no one can deny.  According to Yang Qiu's estimate, at least 50 million US dollars are needed to complete the initial construction, and it will take three to five years to introduce and train 50,000 technical talents and skilled workers. And this is only the initial establishment, not to mention the Ruhr area in Germany.  Just to build an industrial complex similar to that of Austria-Hungary's Skoda would require at least ten years and an investment of no less than 200 million US dollars!

    Although it has not been completed and even the railway has not been repaired, for Sichuan people who have never experienced the influence of the industrial era, no matter who stands here will feel their insignificance!

    Since the Sichuan Manufacturing Bureau produced the first foreign machine, people with lofty ideals in Sichuan have dreamed of establishing their own industry. However, the faltering pace of the Westernization Movement completely shattered their dreams.  When the road protection movement was about to destroy Sichuan's century-old prosperity, the strong arrival of the National Defense Forces changed everything, especially the subsequent

    The scope of the operation was staggering. Thousands of bandits and bullies who were endangering the local area were killed. Tens of thousands of pao brothers and private armed forces were wiped out. After a large amount of land was confiscated and converted into collective farms or distributed to the poor, the National Defense Forces not only suffered no consequences.  The accusation is more popular with the people of Sichuan, and Sichuan is also the province with the largest number of National Socialist Party members. There are more than one million registered members of the National Socialist Party. Many foolish couples even have Yang Qiu's longevity tablet at home.  .

    The ensuing industrial construction made all Sichuan firmly stand on the side of the National Society and Yang Qiu.

    As Feng Ru, who has witnessed the earth-shaking changes here, he also feels that he has finally come to the right place this time. No one knows whether Yang Qiu will make up his mind to truly complete the construction of this place, but the base that changes every day makes everyone here  The people at work stood tall, and even the talents imported from Austria-Hungary, Russia and other parts of the world expressed their surprise that they did not expect that the Chinese with "pig tails" in their impressions would actually have the courage to build such a large industry.

    After burying Yang Qiu¡¯s top-secret information here with his partners, Feng Ru¡¯s thoughts turned to aviation research, hoping to give his motherland a pair of wings that would be proud of the sky.

    One after another, partners from China, Southeast Asia, and even Europe and the United States joined in. Various experts invited by Austria-Hungary and Russia would be sent to aircraft and engine factories as soon as they asked. Yang Qiu's investment in engines and aircraft was almost blind.  Even many people inside felt that it was a bit excessive, because just these two factories burned hundreds of thousands!  Other jealous factories once sent people to Hubei to find the "boss" to argue.

    In fact, the two factories are not without some output. Over the past year, the aircraft factory has used American-made engines to imitate nearly 40 Curtiss racing aircraft and delivered them to aviation teams and aviation schools, and also used the aircraft to build a two-seat training aircraft.  .  The engine factory also built a 75-horsepower inline six-cylinder gasoline engine under the guidance of Austro-Hungarian technicians. However, it has not been put into formal production because it is not as good as Europe and the United States in terms of fuel consumption and reliability. However, if it is built by skilled Austro-Hungarian technicians, there will be no such problem at all.  , so even the internal combustion engine engineers from Daimler who came to visit said that this was just a defect in processing. After all, no one can improve this skill of skilled workers, which requires several years of training.

    In the engine workshop built with red bricks and arched wooden beams, dozens of cutting and milling machine tools are making rumbling noises. A dozen Austro-Hungarian and Russian skilled workers are personally guiding nearly a hundred people who have just graduated from technical schools to learn from their teachers.  There are many such scenes of young people with arts in Hubei, Chongqing and even Shanghai. The treatment Yang Qiu gives to these foreign "teachers" is extraordinary. Not only does he bring his family to reunite, but he also pays twice as much as in Europe.?Remuneration, and most of them have settled down after becoming a country and unable to return. Moreover, except for the slight restriction of personal freedom, they don't feel any different here. In order to retain these people, the factory even sent people to Shanghai to learn how to make bread. Europe  Cooking, everything to keep these babies from getting away.

    The difficulty in manufacturing an engine is that its main body is milled bit by bit from a piece of nickel steel ingot that has been repeatedly forged. A slight error can range from a lack of power to a damaged cylinder, so in the past year it has only been damaged by these young people.  There were hundreds of steel ingots sent for recycling, and even Feng Ru was heartbroken. Fortunately, when Yang Qiu learned about it, he not only did not blame him, but urged him to continue practicing. Even if it was sent back tens of thousands, he must develop a batch of superb skills.  Worker.

    Bang bang A milling machine made a harsh noise. It was obviously caused by an operational error when milling the cylinder block, which caused the cylinder to be damaged by a tungsten cutter and the machine tool's precision fixed valves to hit together.

    Feng Ru seemed to be used to this kind of scene. He didn't even bother to watch the hot-tempered old Hungarian guy scolding him. While chewing the steamed buns and holding the research results, he kept walking towards the open experimental factory in the distance. The door of the experimental area was loaded with live ammunition.  The soldiers showed that the level of confidentiality here was very high.

    After walking into the test area, the noise was blasting into the ears like crazy. Several engines were fixed on the racks and were being tested for operation. The technicians wearing goggles next to them were carefully observing the subtle changes in the engines.  "Bang" An engine may have been running for too long and exceeded the limit. It emitted black smoke and gurgled for a few times before stopping completely. The technicians immediately opened the cylinder block as quickly as possible to check in detail what the problem was.  There.

    The most important work in the test area at present is to imitate and test two new engines, the eight-cylinder star-type air-cooled piston engine and the V-type eight-cylinder water-cooled engine. Although there are detailed drawings, they were not available until last month due to problems with processing technology and materials.  Test model is out.

    After greeting his colleagues, Feng Ru put on his goggles and walked to the V-type engine being tested. The piston moved up and down at a speed visible to the naked eye. It seemed that there was still a problem with the sealing of the joint between the cylinder and the piston.  You can clearly see the sparks overflowing from the edge.

    The internal combustion engine seems to be simple in principle, but it is really difficult to build. The most important thing is that there is currently an extreme lack of high-precision machine tools in China. This kind of thing is strictly blocked in Europe and the United States. Yang Qiu also relied on mortar and other technologies to attract Krupp before buying it.  to a dozen units.  After increasing the accelerator, the engine began to shudder obviously. After operating at full power for ten minutes, the engine "successfully" emitted a burst of black smoke and was declared scrapped.

    Feng Ru and everyone almost sighed. A young Chinese mechanic who came back from the United States even used a foot holder to vent his frustration. After dozens of tests, the longest operation at full load was only 30 minutes. How could this result be achieved?  It is worthy of millions of scientific research expenses a year.

    "Are you discouraged?"

    Just when everyone was most discouraged, a familiar voice suddenly sounded behind them. They turned around and saw that Yang Qiu, who had just been newly married, brought Miao Luo to the experimental area, accompanied by the company's general manager Zheng Tingxiang.

    "Vice President, why are you" Feng Ru glanced at the pretty Miao Luo. He originally wanted to say why he didn't fix the marriage properly, but he changed his mind again: "Why are you here?"

    Yang Qiu didn¡¯t seem to see the two scrapped engines that were still emitting black smoke. He smiled and said, ¡°What? Are you afraid that I will take away your credit?¡±

    "Even if the Vice President wants to grab it, there is nothing to grab here." Xue Muhua spread his hands and smiled bitterly among Feng Ru and other mechanics. He is now an aviation school teacher and the chief test pilot of an aircraft factory. He recently returned to Chongqing after the war.  Focus on training new pilots. Since he is the oldest pilot in the aviation team and knows the most about actual engine problems, he is also one of the people who can freely enter and leave the test area.

    "Technology cannot be mastered in a day or two. Foreign countries have been developing internal combustion engines for more than ten years and are still exploring this new structure. You just want to eat it up and become a fat man?" The damaged engine not only did not make Yang Qiu angry, but he was particularly excited.

    You must know that its prototype is Hispano-Siza!

    After it was launched in Spain in 1917, it was immediately considered the best aero engine in the world.  The main reason is that the new structure makes its frontal wind resistance very small, and the power-to-weight ratio can reach 13.5.  Although its popularity was later overshadowed by British and American engines such as the Nikko and Venus, what is less known is that it later flourished in Germany. After World War I, the German Mercedes Company learned about this engine and conducted a thorough study.  And based on it, an inverted V-type water-cooled piston engine was developed, which led to the famous bf109.

    Of course, Yang Qiu couldn't let Feng Ru and the others learn to run when they were still walking unsteadily, but he still used his knowledge of engines to propose improvements to Hispano-Siza, the most important thing was to expand theThe cylinder displacement was increased because the original engine only had 180 horsepower and he wanted to increase it to at least 250 horsepower.

    After looking at the engine, Yang Qiu did not express his opinion. After all, he was not a technical expert. However, a metal pipe as thick as a finger beside the engine caught his attention. When he picked it up, he found that the pipe was actually very light.

    "Huh? It's so light, it doesn't look like a steel pipe." Miao Luo felt the difference after weighing it a few times. His longing eyes immediately turned to Yang Qiu, but "Boss Yang" didn't know either, so he had to look at Zheng Tingxiang.

    "It's made of Duralumin."

    Zheng Tingxiang laughed, he is a legend.  At that time, a young boy studying in the United States was recalled to the country because he was dissatisfied with his failure to graduate, so he secretly hid in a foreign ship and prepared to steal to the United States. He happened to meet his classmate Tang Shaoyi who took him to North Korea, where he transferred to Japan, returned to the United States, completed his studies, and became an adult.  He became an outstanding engineer. After graduation, he felt that he would not be able to use what he had learned when he returned home. He was also afraid that he would be wanted by the Qing government when he returned, so he simply stayed in the United States to work.

    The most popular thing during his work was that he participated in the design of the famous Brooklyn Bridge in the United States. He also invented the Zheng coupler for trains and was promoted by Zhan Tianyou. After the construction of the bridge, he was hired as a mechanical designer by the American Westinghouse Company.  .

    Yang Qiu also spent a lot of effort to invite him back. When Chongqing was planning to start looking for people all over the world, Zhan Tianyou immediately recommended him. But at first Zheng Tingxiang didn't believe that such a large industry could be built in China until Tang Shaoyi came to the southwest.  Later, I personally wrote a letter and sent him the new photos of Hanyang and Chongqing that I had taken, and then I changed my mind.  Firstly, he was grateful for Tang Shaoyi's kindness back then. In addition, the photo shows that after careful consideration, he took a detour to France. Not only did he come back, he also brought his eldest son who also worked at Westinghouse Company and several Chinese students in the United States, and became the head of the Chongqing Company.  people.

    "This is Duralumin made by the aluminum factory itself." Zheng Tingxiang introduced: "The last time I purchased a sintering furnace from the United States, I felt that the steel factory still had enough power generation, so I added a metal aluminum processing plant. The United States heard about it and it was free of charge.  It comes with Dura aluminum technology, but the quenching process is our own.¡±

    In fact, the synthetic formula of Duraluminum is no longer a secret in this era. The United States has already used it to make industrial products such as aluminum tubes, and no one keeps it secret because the Duraluminum of this era does not yet have the strength to make aircraft, and it is currently  In the age of steel, aluminum, which requires a lot of electricity, was only affordable in a few countries, so it was more expensive than steel. When Zheng Tingxiang proposed this technology, the U.S. Steel Company packaged it and gave it away without even thinking.

    Another main reason why it is so refreshing is that there is no quenching process in the United States!  Only after quenching will the toughness and hardness of Duralumin increase significantly. Currently, only Germany in the world has mastered this top-secret technology and used it to manufacture Zeppelin airship frames.

    But the aluminum tube on your hand has obviously been quenched!  How can this be?

    Seeing Yang Qiu looking at him, Zheng Tingxiang quickly waved his hands and said with a smile: "Vice President, please don't praise me. Tingxiang has never dabbled in material synthesis technology. This is an Austrian engineer who thanked you for bringing his daughter in. Listen,  He himself said that he had learned this technology in Germany and was originally planning to return to Austria-Hungary to build airships. Unexpectedly, he was framed and thrown into prison as soon as he finished learning."

    Yang Qiu really wants to laugh for three days and three nights!

    This is Dura aluminum quenching technology!  When large-scale laminating machine technology takes shape in 20 years, you will be able to easily create an all-aluminum aircraft!

    Butthe engine is still too fast.

    After Yang Qiu ordered to continue to improve the synthesis formula and quenching technology, and to enhance the confidentiality level, he also ordered that the Austro-Hungarian expert be immediately transferred back to the Hanyang Materials Experiment Center, and then he brought Feng Ru to ask about the current problems of the engine.

    Feng Ru and others also knew about Duralumin, but they didn¡¯t expect it to be so important that it was worth raising the confidentiality level to the same level as that of an engine factory.  But you can¡¯t blame him. After all, in an era when the world was hovering around 150 horsepower, it was simply unimaginable to fly all-metal cars into the sky.

    "The main problem is the process, because the original design enlarged the cylinder and increased the displacement, which made the processing difficult." Feng Ruman was embarrassed, because this point cannot be solved technically, but he still expressed confidently in the end  , as long as it takes another half year, we will definitely be able to produce qualified products.

    Although there will definitely be a war with Japan, the current Curtiss aircraft combined with the twin-mounted synchronized machine guns being developed in Hubei are enough to deal with Japan, so Yang Qiu does not want to put too much pressure on them, but instead uses the 75-horsepower in-line machine gun for the vehicle.  The gasoline engine was proposed to be mass-produced as soon as possible to meet the needs of Hubei special vehicles for armored vehicles and self-produced trucks. Finally, before concluding the inspection, he also told Zheng Tingxiang not to be afraid of spending money, and to ensure the needs of the engine factory as much as possible financially.

    After saying goodbye to Feng Ru, Yang Qiu went to visit the aluminum factory and steel factory without stopping.

      According to Zheng Tingxiang, the aluminum plant can currently produce 10 tons of qualified Dura aluminum per month. The steel plant has not yet ramped up its production capacity. It will have to wait until the end of 2015 at the earliest to achieve the annual production of 150,000 tons of ordinary steel ingots and 100,000 tons of special steel.  Design capacity.  On the contrary, the arsenal is making the fastest progress. In addition to the previous light equipment such as grenades, grenades and ammunition, it has begun trial production of Type 12 rifles and two types of light and heavy machine guns of the National Defense Forces. In October, it will begin trial production of mortars and various types of equipment.  Howitzer.

    Although he is already over fifty years old, his eyes are red when he introduces his development prospects.  According to his plan, in 2016, Chongqing will have an annual output of 350,000 tons of various steels, 200 tons of duralumin, 50,000 rifles, 1,500 various machine guns, 600 cannons (including mortars), 5 million  The manufacturing capacity of various types of artillery shells, 1,000 engines of various types, 500 aircraft, and 1,500 pieces of machinery and equipment, and the total output value must strive to exceed the 200 million yuan mark.

    This obviously fanatical old man also lost no time in proposing additional investment, purchasing tungsten steel, manganese alloy steel and other equipment, and increasing the number of technical products. In short, in one sentence, he would spend at least tens of millions more to cover the bottom.

    Of course, Yang Qiu couldn't be fooled by him. It didn't matter if he had money to throw in it, but now was when he was at his poorest, and he was afraid of dampening his enthusiasm, so he simply took out the Bailey Bridge technology that he had prepared for him to study.  .

    Zheng Tingxiang, who designed the Brooklyn Bridge, realized the importance of Bailey Bridge technology at a glance. The angle steel and I-beam steel were pre-made with standard fixings and assembled with rivets!  The ancestors are on top, this simply greatly simplifies the difficulty of making bridges!

    China has a vast and deep water network, and bridge construction has always lagged behind demand. But with the Bailey Bridge, it is different. Although large bridges still need traditional steel structures, China does not only build large bridges. Like the 103rd Brigade last time, it had so many  The truck faced the embarrassment of being unable to move forward in the Shandong Water Network. If there was a Bailey Bridge, it would still have to take risks to force Yuan Shikai to let it go.

    Only later did Yang Qiu find out what kind of effect Bailey Bridge had in Zheng Tingxiang's hands.  By 1930, after he improved the structural kit called "Zheng-style Steel Bridge", several steel plants alone produced a total of 20,000 sets of Bailey Bridge steel structures ranging from 5 tons (traffic capacity) to 50 tons, becoming  An important force driving the rapid development of road and bridge construction across the country.

    While Zheng Tingxiang couldn¡¯t wait to lock himself into the laboratory with Bailey Bridge technology in his arms, Yang Qiu also received a telegram from Nanjing.

    The peace talks between the North and the South ended. After struggling for more than ten days, Duan Qirui finally gave in to the pressure and signed. This not only represented that the Beiyang Group had completely laid down its arms, but also announced that China, which had been in chaos for two years, had finally achieved unification.

    !#.

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