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Text Chapter 256 Administration and Judiciary

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    Although Liuqiu and Dengzhou are both under Li Min's jurisdiction, there is an obvious difference, that is, Liuqiu is not the territory of the Tang Dynasty. To be precise, it should be Li Min's private territory, completely.  Belongs to Li Min.  It can be said that he can do whatever he wants and no one can control him. In this way, Li Min no longer has to tie his hands like Dengzhou and can only carry out reforms within the Tang Dynasty system.

    After Wang An came back, Li Min's first thing was to determine the official name of Liuqiu Island. Although the name Liuqiu is good and recognized by many people, there is an ambiguity, that is, Liuqiu Island  There is an island chain to the north, which is the Ryukyu Islands in later generations, but in the era of the Tang Dynasty, it was also called Liuqiu. In other words, in the eyes of most Han people, Taiwan Island and the Ryukyu Islands in later generations are the same place.  This is obviously a cognitive error, so in order to distinguish the two places, Li Min decided to advance the name Taiwan, which only appeared in the Ming Dynasty, as the official name of Liuqiu Island.

    The rulers of the Central Plains Dynasty all had a bad taste in changing place names randomly. A place may have had no less than seven or eight names from ancient times to the present. Therefore, Li Min's move to change Liuqiu to Taiwan was viewed by poets and calligraphers such as Wang An and Yan Bei.  It is normal to come, and Li Min also gave a valid reason, so no one objected. In all official documents under Li Min's rule from now on, Taiwan will be used instead of Liuqiu.

    After the name was determined, the next step was to divide the administrative regions. Although the entire island of Taiwan is not small, it is at most larger than some of the upper states of the Tang Dynasty, so in the end Taiwan was designated as a state level.  Administrative regions.  It governs several counties such as Taipei, Tainan, Taitung, and Penghu. Although the names of these counties are the same as those of later generations.  However, the area of ??each county is much larger. After all, the island has a very small population and most of it is deserted land. There is no need to divide it so finely.

    After the administrative regions are divided, the next step is to implement the laws. There is no difficulty in this point. The laws of the Tang Dynasty are already very good, and they can be used after being modified.  The key is the appointment of officials.  Like the Tang Dynasty, Taiwan's top chief executive is still the governor, but there is currently no suitable candidate for the governor's position. Although Cui Wei has performed well, he has no qualifications in Taiwan. If he is promoted to the governor rashly, he may  Lu Qing's men were dissatisfied.  Therefore, in the end, Li Min temporarily served as the governor of Taiwan, and then appointed Cui Wei as the governor. When Li Min was not in Taiwan, he would act as governor.

    In fact, it is estimated that Li Min will rarely come to Taiwan in the past two years, so Cui Wei is almost the governor.  But as long as there is no formal appointment, it will not arouse the jealousy of others.

    The administrative seat of Taiwan is temporarily set in Keelung City. The governor's office is where Li Min temporarily lives. In addition, all the officials such as Sigong, Sicang, and Sihu under the governor are also available. The administrative agencies at the county level are almost not too big.  The change.  But throughout Taiwan¡¯s administrative agencies.  However, Li Min made a fundamental reform, which was to eliminate the difference between officials and officials.

    The so-called official.  Only those with grades are officials. From the first grade to the lowest ninth grade, each grade is divided into two levels: positive and subordinate. From the fourth grade below, each grade is divided into upper and lower grades. In other words, in the Tang Dynasty,  There are thirty levels of officials in total, and each level is very different from the upper and lower levels. It can be said that there is a strict hierarchy.  However, Li Min felt that such a grading system was too troublesome, so he simply removed all the positive, inferior, upper, and lower grades, leaving only nine levels from first to ninth grade.

    In addition to the formal officials above, if an administrative agency wants to operate, it needs another official who is not an official, that is, officials. Speaking of official staff like officials, we have to talk about the administrative system of the feudal dynasty.  Taking the Tang Dynasty as an example, the smallest administrative unit is the county. The county has the county magistrate, the county magistrate, the chief registrar and the county lieutenant. Together, there are only four officials of high rank. However, if a county wants to operate, the four  Individuals are definitely not good enough, so they have to be recruited. Some of them, such as clerks and sixth-floor stewards, are the so-called officials. Their status is equivalent to the middle and low-level civil servants in later generations. These officials are the main people who handle affairs in the Yamen.

    "It's just that officials are different from officials. Officials are appointed by the court, and their salaries are also paid by the court.  But the officials are different. They are recruited by local officials themselves. At most, they only need to report to the Ministry of Personnel. The central government has no control over these. Moreover, the salaries of these officials are also distributed by local officials and are not subject to the central court.  It doesn't matter much. At most, the central court will acquiesce to local officials to withhold part of the tax revenue as salary for these officials and other administrative expenses.

    But in this case, corruption will easily occur. Corruption became common in the Ming and Qing dynasties in later generations. A large part of the reason was that local officials had the power to withhold tax revenue.  In addition, officials are also politically discriminated against. For example, like businessmen, their descendants cannot take scientific examinations and so on.

    ? ?At first, I really didn¡¯t know that there was such a big difference between officials and officials in ancient times. It wasn¡¯t until he was serving as governor of Dengzhou that he slowly understood the difference. At that time, he wanted to reform this phenomenon, but unfortunately  After all, Dengzhou is the territory of the Tang Dynasty. Although he is the prince, he still cannot change the political system of such a large country, so he has to give up. Only now that he has a place like Taiwan that belongs completely to him, he can finally let go.  hands and feet.

    First of all, Li Min took back all the power to issue salaries for officials and officials, and unified them by the Prince of Qi's Mansion. The recruitment of officials was also unified by the Prince of Qi's Mansion. At the same time, some discriminatory policies against officials were eliminated.  The most important thing is that Li Min also changed the method of selecting officials on the grounds that there were few scholars in Taiwan. He no longer studied the imperial examination system of the Tang Dynasty, but directly selected officials from among the officials, thus opening up the promotion of officials and officials.  channel.

    In fact, the Tang Dynasty also had the practice of promotion from officials to officials, and there was also a special name called Liuwai into Liunei. Liuwai refers to officials, and Liunei refers to officials. In fact, it means entering from outside the system into the system, but this is  This situation is relatively rare, and people who are promoted from officials to officials are also subject to great restrictions. For example, they cannot hold some official positions, cannot enter the third rank, etc. It can be said that they are quite discriminated against.  But now it's better. Li Min directly used official promotion as a main selection mechanism. Although this made some traditional officials such as Cui Wei a little dissatisfied, because there was a precedent in the Tang Dynasty, they did not insist on opposing it.

    The advantage of selecting officials from among the officials is that most of the promoted officials have grassroots work experience and are familiar with their own jobs. They are not like those who study hard and do not know how to administer after becoming officials. They have to ask the officials around them for advice.  .  Of course, there are some disadvantages to doing this, such as it may result in different levels of education among officials, and it is also easy to form cliques for personal gain, etc.

    For this situation, Li Min also made corresponding preparations, that is, setting up a brand new institution in Taiwan, which is the Taiwan Metropolitan Procuratorate. The president is Chen Gong, who was recommended by Yang Jian.  In fact, it is not new at all. The function of the Metropolitan Procuratorate is actually similar to that of the Yushitai in the Tang Dynasty. It is used to supervise and examine officials. However, its function is more single. It only has the power to investigate and collect evidence. If you want to arrest people,  , must be submitted to the governor for approval, and then implemented by a specialized agency, which in turn involves another new department, that is, the Police Academy.

    As mentioned before, the officials in the administrative agencies are also uniformly appointed by the Qi Palace and are no longer recruited by local officials. In addition to the officials, there is also the special class of government officials.  Although officials have no rank, they are still formal official personnel, while government servants are different. They are almost untouchables, with a status similar to that of slaves.  However, their responsibilities are not small at all, and they are responsible for complicated tasks such as public security, tax collection, and grain collection.

    For this special class, Li Min made even greater changes. He directly stripped out the biggest job function of the government officials, that is, the public security function, and established a police headquarters in Keelung, with branches in each county to manage the entire island.  All police officers are responsible for public security. Although the president of the branch is nominally a subordinate of the county magistrate, he has full law enforcement power. Even if he receives an arrest warrant signed by the governor, he can directly arrest anyone under his jurisdiction.  Everyone was captured on the spot, including the county magistrate himself.  Among them, the highest official of the Police General Academy is called the Chief, which is on the same level as the president of the Metropolitan Procuratorate, just below Biejia. Currently, Zhu Meng, who was recommended by Yang Jian, is temporarily in charge.

    In fact, in the final analysis, the Metropolitan Procuratorate and the Police Academy established by Li Min were to separate administrative power from judicial power and form a complete judicial institution with the legal cao among the six cao in a state. The reason why Chen Gong and Zhu Meng were separated  Serving as the top official of the two houses is also to form a check with the original team members such as Cui Wei and Lu Qing.  Originally, Li Min wanted to set up a court, but then he thought about it. Taiwan is only a state, and there are already legal courts. If another court is established, the rights will overlap, so it will only strengthen the functions of some legal courts.  When the territory expands in the future, it will not be too late to establish a higher-level judicial institution.

    The separation of judicial power and administrative power has led to major or minor changes in the rights of the original government agencies. The rights of many departments have been reduced a lot. If it were placed in a system with mature political institutions like the Tang Dynasty,  , will definitely encounter endless resistance, and Taiwan is already very poor. Even under Lu Qing's governance, many institutions were not established at all. Therefore, Li Min's changes did not encounter much resistance, and they did not encounter much resistance.  Only Cui Wei and those exiled officials raised some objections, but they were all suppressed by Li Min.

    After the administrative and judicial matters are settled, the next step is the military reform. This is a top priority. For this reason, Li Min specially called Lu Qing, Hu Li and Zhou Long together to discuss it for several consecutive times.  After several days, we finally had a rough result.
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