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Part One: Penghu Chapter 392: Colonial History

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    Ding Yunyi finally walked into the Shimazu family's governor's house.

    Shimazu Mitsukyu was not dead, he became a prisoner shamefully When he saw Ding Yunyi, he was crestfallen and silent, but his wife Sandaiko was much braver than him Sir, Mr. Qi Yumu  arrive.  " Before Ding Yunyi could breathe a sigh of relief, Duan San'er came in and said.

    "Oh, so fast?" Ding Yunyi was startled, and then said: "Please come in quickly."

    Qi Yumu was specially transferred to Satsuma Domain from Taiwan.

    War is nothing more than a means to an end.  The Satsuma Domain has now fallen into the hands of Ding Yunyi. How to maximize its developmentor more accurately, "plunder" is what Ding Yunyi must consider most at the moment.

    "Congratulations to the chief town, congratulations to the chief town for a successful battle!" Qi Yumu said with a smile upon seeing him.

    "Yu Mu, you're welcome, come in quickly." Ding Yunyi ignored the pain in his body and asked Qi Yumu to sit down, then drove the others out, leaving only himself and Qi Yumu: "Yu Mu, let's not talk.  Those are nonsense. I made it very clear to you when I went on the expedition. The purpose of sending troops to the Satsuma Domain this time was to avenge Lang Lifan, and to rescue Zheng Zhilong¡¯s family. The third point was how to  Let Satsuma Domain be used by me.¡±

    Qi Yumu nodded: "I know what the main town means. I think the main town already has an overall plan in mind, right?"

    Ding Yunyi was silent for a moment: "We already have a colonial Voyage Island, and now Satsuma Domain is our second Qi Yumu said: "Headquarters.  I have some experience on how to govern a local area, but I really don¡¯t know how to govern a colony Ding Yunyi knew that he was telling the truth, and after thinking about it carefully for a while, he said: "Yu Mu, in fact, the problem in this colony is not very difficult to solve.  Countries such as Hongyi, Ganlasi, and Franji all started by relying on colonies The main trade objects of the Thai and Western countries are the East, especially silk from the Ming Dynasty, India, and the Southeast Asian Islands.  , gems, spices and other luxury goods Since the trade with the East was monopolized by Venice and Genoa, the countries passing through the West decided to explore their own routes to the East. The first one to explore the Eastern route was the Franchise.  In the eleventh year of the Ming Dynasty, Vasco da Gama arrived in India via the Cape of Good Hope. In order to ensure that trade with India was not disturbed by the Mughal Empire, Oman and the princely states along the Indian Ocean, the Francois came to Zhengde.  The first colony was established in Goa, and a fort was built to protect the safety of Francois merchants. At the same time, it occupied some islands and coastal strongholds on the coast of Africa as a supply station on the way to India he said.  This slightly changed the tone: ¡°Since the route to the East via the Cape of Good Hope was monopolized by the Francois, the Ganrasi people had to go west to find a new route to the East.  The Ganrasi people had a navigator named Columbus. After discovering the American continent, the Ganrasi people launched a campaign of conquest and colonization of the Americas. In a very short period of time, they eliminated various empires established by the Indians and established an extremely  vast colonies.  Through the so-called papal arbitration, the Francons also obtained an extremely large colony on the American continent east of the 50th longitude west.

    Because the areas conquered by Dry Silk were rich in gold and silver, a large amount of precious metals flowed into Western Europe through Dry Silk, stimulating price changes and industrial and commercial development in other areas of Western Europe.  At the same time, new consumer products such as coffee, cocoa, tea, tobacco, cane sugar, and potatoes were introduced to Europe and the West.  The eating habits of the Thai people have also changed significantly, resulting in an increase in demand for these consumer goods, which has prompted the development of cash crops in the newly conquered vast areas of America Qi Yumu listened very carefully, Ding Yunyi  He also told his subordinates everything he knew about the colonial history.

    Later, Britain and France seized the Caribbean islands from the Ganlusi people.  The Red Yi captured the Natal region on the northeastern coast of Brazil from the Franco.  The black slave plantation system pioneered by the Francons in Madeira and Cape Verde Islands in Africa was introduced to these areas controlled by the British, French and Dutch, and the demand for labor soared.  Due to the brutal massacre of the native Indians by the colonists, especially the Ganrasi people, the number of Indians dropped sharply from 50 million to 4 million. Therefore, the Thai and Western colonists had to find new sources of labor from Africa.

    ????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? Long time ago, the Francois used the Berbers as slaves in the Franconian mainland, and the Ganrasi people began to transport black Africans into the Americas.  The demand for slave trade prompted the two countries, as well as Britain, France, Denmark and other countries, to build many trading stations along the coast of West Africa.  Slaves, ivory, gold and chili peppers were traded.

    However, because the coast of West Africa is inaccessible, and the local landform and climate are not suitable for the Thai people to live in, in the following centuries, the Thai colonization of Africa was limited to a few coastal strongholds.  The naming of these colonies from the Thai and Western countries - Gold Coast, Ivory Coast, Slave Coast

     These colonies in West Africa are basically resource-plundering colonies.

    With the discovery of the New World, the Atlantic Ocean replaced the Mediterranean Sea and became the only route for commercial traffic. This led to the decline of traditional commercial cities in Italy and the Hanseatic League in northern Germany, as well as the decline of traditional commercial cities in Italy, France, and the Red Barbarians.  The economic rise of these countries facing the Atlantic Ocean.

    Britain initially tried to open up the Eastern trade route through Russia, and established the Moscow Company for this purpose. Soon after, it was discovered that Russia had no direct commercial contacts with the East, so it turned to the northwest route and tried to reach the East via northern North America.  After the British defeated the Dry Silk Armada in 1588, they began to colonize North America and established the Hudson's Bay Company and the New England Colony.  In 1600, British merchants established the British East India Company and subsequently began to expand in India.  After the war, the Netherlands rapidly developed into the world's largest maritime and commercial country. It established the Dutch East India Company in 1602 and gradually monopolized trade with the Ming Dynasty, India, Japan, Ceylon and the Spice Islands.  France established the New France colony in North America and occupied several strategic sugar-rich islands in the Caribbean.

    Because Britain carried out commercial cultivation of tobacco and cotton in the North American colonies.  France needed manpower for its sugar plantations in the Caribbean islands, so the need for slaves in both countries grew.  In 1526, Britain began the slave trade.

    Soon after, Hongyi and Denmark, as active trade transit countries, also joined the slave trade in an attempt to share the benefits.

    Countries such as Sweden, Brandenburg, Hamburg, and Courland were also engaged in the slave trade during this period and occupied some strongholds on the African coast.  Since the native economy in West Africa is mainly based on gathering and hunting, food production is limited.  In order to provide food for the slaves during the long-distance trade, agricultural areas were opened around these strongholds, and food crops such as sweet potatoes and yam were introduced from Europe and the Americas.

    The colonial management methods of Thai and Western countries in the Americas are basically the same.  That is to say, they are treated differently from the mainland, and governors or deputy kings representing the king are sent to the colonies, and the economic development of the colonies is curbed and regulated.  Forced to grow a single cash crop needed by the metropolitan country, the mining industry was highly developed, and the development of other industries was stagnant. Even basic consumer goods such as agricultural tools and clothing could not be produced.  The metropolitan country exported products from the colonies for free or at low prices, which even caused deflation in the colonies and forced them to borrow other countries' currencies

    After listening to this carefully, Qi Yumu let out a long sigh: "Now I finally know how these Thai and Western countries became powerful."

    "Yes" Ding Yunyi nodded silently.

    In fact, whether it is the Netherlands, Portugal, or Spain, compared with the increasingly powerful British plunder of Indian colonies in the future, they are still insignificant.

    British colonial rule over India was gradually established during the war of conquest.  After the East India Company occupied Bengal, it used the Nawab as its puppet to rule.  Then a "dual management system" was implemented: the Nawab authorities managed civil affairs, and the company controlled the rights to expropriate land.  In 1773, the British Parliament passed the "India Administration Act", which stipulated that the British government would appoint the governor of the British Indian Territory, and the "dual administration system" ended.  1784.  The British Parliament passed the "Act to Improve the Administration of the East India Company and British Indian Territory".  According to this act, a committee of inspectors was appointed by the cabinet to deal with all major problems in India; although the power to appoint all civil and military personnel still belonged to the company's board of directors, the supreme power to rule India was vested in the British government.

    The changes in the system of British colonial rule in India served the needs of the British bourgeoisie to plunder India.  During the process of British colonists' military conquest of India and establishment of colonial rule system in the 17th and 18th centuries, Britain was in the period of primitive accumulation of capital.  Its main methods of plundering colonies are: pirate robbery, unequal trade, and direct looting.  After the East India Company occupied Bengal, they looted the treasury and took away a total of 37 million pounds of wealth, of which 21 million pounds fell into the pockets of senior company employees. Clive alone robbed 234,000 pounds; when the capital of Mysore was captured,  , the British only looted royal treasures worth 15 million pounds.

    The "dual management system" ensured that the British colonists directly plundered land tax from India.  Before the East India Company took over the taxing rights of Bengal, the actual revenue from Bengal¡¯s land tax was 810,000 pounds. However, one year after the company took over, the amount of land tax increased sharply to 1.47 million pounds, and after that it was as high as 3 million pounds.  The company's exploitation of industrial workers was also extremely ruthless.  Through its own business offices and Indian brokers all over the country, it forced thousands of Indian craftsmen to place orders for processing, but the price paid to them was less than half of the market price, not even enough to purchase raw materials.

    In addition, the company also monopolized the trade in salt, tobacco and opium.  The salt patent alone nets 800,000 pounds a year; the company forced MengFarmers cultivated opium, purchased it at low prices, and then smuggled it to China to make huge profits. Opium revenue accounted for one-seventh of the company's total revenue.  A large amount of wealth plundered by British colonists from India continued to flow into Britain.  In the 58 years since the occupation of Bengal, the British extracted 1 billion pounds of wealth from India.

    This large amount of wealth promoted Britain¡¯s Industrial Revolution, making it quickly become the world¡¯s first capitalist industrial power.  However, Britain's appalling plunder of India severely damaged India's social economy and turned India into an extremely poor country with many victims.

    With the progress of the Industrial Revolution, the economic power of the British industrial bourgeoisie has become increasingly powerful.  They insist on opening up the Indian market and participate in the exploitation of India.

    The East India Company's monopoly on trade in India was abolished.  From then on, a new stage of British industrial capital's plunder of India began, and India increasingly became Britain's commodity sales market and raw material supplier.

    With the help of low tariffs: silk fabrics are taxed at 3.5% and woolen fabrics are taxed at 2%, the number of cotton fabrics exported to India increased from less than 1 million yards to more than 51 million yards.  India, which has been known as the world's largest cotton textile industry since ancient times, is now filled with British cotton textiles.  Under the impact of cheap British goods, India's handicraft industry suffered a devastating blow. Millions of handicraftsmen went bankrupt and lost their jobs, and fell into desperate situations.  Dhaka, the famous textile industry center, declined rapidly and its population dropped from 150,000 to 30,000.

    Governor Bendinck confessed: "The miserable situation is unparalleled in the history of commerce. The bones of cotton weavers turned the Indian plains white."

    In order to ensure the source of tax revenue and cultivate the social pillars of colonial rule, the British colonists implemented a new land tax system in India.

    The colonial authorities first implemented the "fixed Chamindar system" in the provinces of Bengal, Bihar and Orissa, canceling the land inheritance rights of rural communes, and the land was handed over to the Chamindar by the company; the Chamindar levied rent and taxes on the farmers, subject to  Give 90% of the land tax to the company; regardless of the amount of land rent collected.

    In this way, the peasants became tenant farmers and the Chamindars became landowners.

    The colonists implemented the "Letwal system" first in Madras and then in Bombay.  Although this system recognized the ownership of farmland by commune farmers, farmers had to pay a land tax equivalent to one-third to one-half of the annual harvest to the company. Farmers effectively became tenant farmers of the company.

    "The following year, the "unfixed Chamindar system" was implemented in the central region, which stipulated that Chamindar was responsible for collecting rent and taxes from farmers. The tax amount was not fixed and would be reset every 25 to 30 years.

    Although the land tax system implemented by the British in India has various forms, its essence is the same, which is to squeeze farmers to the maximum extent.

    After the implementation of the new land tax system, the colonial authorities¡¯ land tax revenue surged.

    And it is obvious that Ding Yunyi appreciates the British method of exploiting the colonies very much!
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