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Volume 1 Chapter 584 Great Historical Project: Sewer

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    There are walls built around the square with four doors. There are cross streets in the square. The cross streets and smaller cross alleys divide the whole square into sixteen districts.  The workshop implements an inspection system and strict management.  Commercial trading activities are restricted to the east and west cities, which are also closed.  This kind of planning, which placed the palace city and the government office area in the northwest corner of the city, and adopted a neat square layout, was mostly adopted by local states and counties at that time and even in later generations.  The area of ??large and medium-sized state capitals and county towns is generally equivalent to the area of ??sixteen squares, four squares or even one square in the capital respectively, and the layout is roughly the same, that is, there is a square in the middle of each side of the city.  Gate, the city is divided into four districts with cross streets, and the number of squares in each district varies according to the order of prefectures and counties.  In each district, there are small cross streets and smaller cross alleys.  The planning of layers of cross streets and alleys was one of the characteristics of the city layout during the Sui and Tang Dynasties, reflecting the unique urban form during the period of strict feudal hierarchy.  At the same time, it is clear enough, at least far better than the messy layout in the past, and various infrastructures can also be constructed in proportion according to the number of squares.  I can only express deep admiration for such an architectural pattern, and the current population of Chang'an City is not large. In the ninth year of Daye of the Sui Dynasty, the Book of Sui Dynasty "Geography" recorded: Jingzhao County had 308,400 people.  There are ninety-nine households, and each household has a population of more than five people. Even if it is calculated as five and a half people, the population of the entire Jingzhao County is 1.69 million.  In the Sui Dynasty, Jingzhao County was established in all counties. As a county-level organization, it unified more than 21 counties including Chang'an and Daxing.  In the ninth year of the great cause, the permanent population of Chang'an City has reached 500,000. Coupled with the natural increase over the years, coupled with the chaos in the world, except for the general environment of Guan Zhong'an, the permanent population of Chang'an City has reached 500,000.  growing day by day.  But even so, there are still many places that are empty. These are naturally for the purpose of giving rewards to the princes, grandsons, princes and nobles in the future.  Now that I'm here, I naturally want to use these sites to make a fuss or carry out land replacement. At present, hospitals, tax offices, primary and secondary schools, and theaters have been set up in these eight cities according to the locations of the eight fire squadrons.  , and there are public toilets.  Well, the two institutions that have been established are the fire squadron and the tax office, and the others are still recruiting personnel for preparation and construction.  However, I plan to build a public toilet in every square.  No one wants the streets and corners of a majestic and majestic historical city like Chang'an to be filled with yellow lumps or pools of dirt.  "It would be too weird to discover piles of fecal fossils thousands of years later during the excavation and research work on Chang'an City.  All public toilets flow into the unified sewage treatment system of each village, which is a septic tank. I built it before the farmers came to see them build the house, and also hired technicians from the town to give guidance.  Anyway, it is somewhat similar to a biogas digester.  This is what the technician said.  ¡°As early as when we were in Hancheng County, I designed the drawings based on the three-compartment septic tank of later generations and gave it to the construction workers to follow the construction.  The so-called three-compartment septic tank is composed of three connected tanks, connected by fecal pipes in the middle. It mainly uses the principles of anaerobic fermentation, middle layer feces and parasite eggs, which have a greater specific gravity than the general mixed liquid and are easy to settle.  After more than thirty days of fermentation and decomposition of feces in the pool, the middle-layer fecal liquid flows from the first pool to the third pool in sequence to achieve the purpose of precipitating or killing parasite eggs and intestinal pathogenic bacteria in the feces.  The manure from the pond becomes high-quality fertilizer.  There is no way, there is no chemical fertilizer in this era, the only way to get it is farmyard manure, and the farmyard manure in this era is often incompletely fermented, so the fertility is not enough, and there are parasite eggs and intestinal tracts in the feces.  The pathogenic bacteria have not yet passed away, and it is likely to cause reinfection of the disease.  So when Hancheng County was building these septic tanks on a large scale, people often complained. But after the results came out, those guys cried and shouted, hoping to help them build such a thing in their homes. Now, this  In that era, every household used commodes, which were night incense, and someone would come specially to collect them.  Nowadays, there is no need to be so troublesome. Everything is poured into the septic tanks of each workshop. Only two staff members are needed to ensure that the entire workshop area is tidy and clean.  And the public health system is naturally not only these.  After I established the capital, Chang'an City has begun to dig deep and hard. Naturally, we are following the example of Hancheng County to carry out sewerage projects.  Sewer is a kind of urban public facility. This equipment appeared as early as ancient Rome.  The prototype of modern sewers originated in Paris, France. Paris still has the largest urban sewer system in the world.  Generally speaking, sewer systems are used to collect and discharge domestic wastewater produced in cities, industrial wastewater produced in industrial production, and rainwater.  The most magnificent sewer in the ancient world was the Maxim Sewer in Rome. In terms of public facilities, ancient RomeHe was extremely smart and proficient in building public facilities. By 315 AD, there were more than 140 public toilets in Rome.  Even the sociable Romans developed public toilets into places for entertainment and leisure. Just like public bathrooms, for a small fee, people could gather in public toilets and engage in natural activities such as gossiping with neighbors, planning parties, discussing politics, or doing business.  Behavior.  " Anyway, I can't believe that some people actually use public toilets as entertainment venues. It would be more like a bathhouse. But from this point of view, the ancient Romans were indeed very sociable, and they could brag and fart happily while squatting in the hair pit.  Yes, when I read world history in later generations, I studied ancient civilizations very carefully.  The ancient Greeks had profound attainments in philosophy, history, architecture, science, literature, drama, sculpture and many other aspects.  This civilizational heritage was destructively continued by the ancient Romans after the demise of ancient Greece, thus becoming the spiritual source of the entire Western civilization.  Moreover, ancient Rome surpassed its predecessors in the construction of public facilities. The proportion of public buildings in ancient Rome was astonishing. There were a large number of Colosseums, baths, theaters, libraries, public spaces and markets. These public facilities  Use, in most cases, is free, and all urban enjoyment is provided by the city. The ancient Roman city not only provided "urban space" for citizens, but more importantly, provided "public life."  Completely opposite to the "city of Gods" in the long Middle Ages, ancient Rome can be said to be a true "city of citizens".  On the other hand, foreign countries or subordinate provinces had only weak admiration for ancient Rome. The level of urban construction and social life in ancient Rome was completely unimaginable in that era. The "city" made every foreigner  What you feel is the shock - the shock of the architecture, the shock of the pictures, the shock of urban life and culture.  "When the Colosseum stands, Rome will also exist" - any enemy of ancient Rome, after witnessing the incredible construction of ancient Rome and the naked power and killing of the Colosseum, will agree in their hearts that Rome is invincible and dare not  Then a little bit of rebellion against the brutal rule arises.  The ancient Roman city was a spatial media with the power of discourse. It drove the citizens inside the city crazy and frightened the enemies outside the city.  For the first time, ancient Rome showed the charm of urban civilization to the barbaric world - agglomeration of population is not a real city, only the huge prosperity of space and public life, the kind of power that makes citizens cheer and shocks outsiders.  The foundation of the city concept is also the secret that the ancient Romans used to make their cities great.  However, what I admire most about these Western barbarians is their drainage system. The Romans built the most magnificent sewer in the ancient world, which was the Maximus sewer built by the Etruscans for Rome in BC.  The Etruscans flourished in central and northern Italy from the eighth to the sixth centuries BC. The prosperity of Rome led to their eventual absorption into the Roman Empire.  Around the sixth century BC, the Etruscans dug a sewer that drained into the Tiber River. Its main channel was more than sixteen feet wide, and was later expanded by the Romans.  Seven branches of the sewer flow through city streets and finally merge into the main Maxim Sewer.  When a storm comes, the sewers are cleaned by the huge force of running water.  The Roman scholar Pliny hailed it as Rome's "most remarkable achievement."  More than 2,500 years after its completion, the sewer is still in use in Rome in the 21st century.  In the land of China, even in the 21st century when we have entered modernity, our drainage system is simply an extravagance that we dare not have. Newly built roads can be seen everywhere in the city, even if they have just been paved with floor tiles.  The sidewalk may be dug up the next day.  Why?  Naturally, it is to facilitate the production and life of the people. What a warm and nonsense reason.  Under the sidewalk, there are many horizontal pipelines belonging to various management departments. They go their own way in construction and maintenance, which is messy and wasteful. It is often seen that the same road section is dug up and buried by one department, and soon it is dug up and buried by another department.  The department dug again.  China's drainage system is not learned from the West, but from the Soviet Union's big brother. The drainage system built by the big brother's people was then copied to the land of China. This kind of drainage pipe is probably specially designed for people to climb. Anyway, I don't have it.  No one dares to really get in. Even in the cities where I lived back then, I saw drainage pipes that were only thicker than my waist. The impact of such small-diameter drainage pipes is that in our place, the light rain is nothing.  It's raining heavily in the swimming pool.  I remember seeing the news broadcast that Beijing was flooded. It finally gave me a sense of accomplishment. I never thought that people in Beijing would have the same experience as people from small towns like me.
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