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Volume 3: A blow of destiny, the king appears Chapter 93: Statue of David, fig leaf movement

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    In 1497, the French ambassador to the Holy See commissioned Michelangelo to create the Pietš€ (or Pietš€, Pietš€) sculpture, which later became one of Michelangelo's most famous works.

    The entrustment contract was signed in August of the following year.  Michelangelo was only 23 years old when the work was completed.  The work was well received by people at the time.  According to records, not long after the sculpture was completed, Michelangelo learned that there were rumors that the creator of the statue was Cristoforo Solari. Michelangelo immediately carved "Fro Solari" on the shoulder strap of the Virgin's chest in the statue.  by Michelangelo Buonarroti of Lens¡±.

    This is also the only signed work by Michelangelo.  This work is preserved in St. Peter's Basilica in the Vatican.

    In recent years, some researchers believe that Laocoon and Sons are not works of ancient Rome, but were created by Michelangelo during his time in Rome.

    Between 1499 and 1501, Michelangelo returned to Florence.  Florence's original spiritual and secular leader, the monk Girolamo Savonarola who opposed the artistic revival, was burned at the stake in 1498. Piero Soderini gradually gained power, and the situation in the Republic of Florence improved.

    The Wool Guild commissioned Michelangelo to create a huge statue of David as a symbol of Florence's freedom. After completion, it was placed in the Piazza della Signoria in front of the Palazzo Vecchio.

    The marble provided by the guild was used by Agostino Di Duccio 40 years ago.

    In 1504, Michelangelo completed the Statue of David.  This outstanding masterpiece highlights Michelangelo's extraordinary technique and outstanding imagination, establishing his status as a sculptor.

    In 1505, at the invitation of the new Pope Julius II, Michelangelo returned to Rome.  Julius II commissioned him to design a mausoleum for the pope himself.  As the Pope continued to commission other works from Michelangelo during this period, the design work of the mausoleum was often interrupted.  It took 40 years to complete.  The mausoleum is located in the Basilica of St. Peter's Chain in Rome, with a statue of Moses in the center.

    During the same period, Michelangelo was commissioned to paint the ceiling of the Sistine Chapel, which took about 4 years (1508-1512).

    According to Michelangelo¡¯s autobiography, it was Donato Bramonte and Raphael who persuaded the Pope to commission Michelangelo to work in a medium with which he was unfamiliar.

    In this case, Michelangelo would be dwarfed by his rival, Raphael, a top fresco painter in his prime.

    However, contemporary art historians have dismissed this story based on current evidence and concluded that it was simply the artist's own opinion.

    The mural commissioned by the Pope shows the Twelve Apostles on a starry sky background.  But Michelangelo chose a more complicated plan.  Based on the book of Genesis in the Old Testament.

    The work depicts 343 characters.  The centerpiece is nine scenes from Genesis, from the creation of the world to the flood of the ark.  The most famous among them are "The Creation of Adam", "The Great Flood", etc.

    In 1513, Pope Julius II died.  Leo X, who came from the Medici family, succeeded as pope and commissioned Michelangelo to rebuild the facade of the Basilica of San Lorenzo in Florence and create sculptures for decoration.

    Michelangelo reluctantly agreed to the commission.  The next three years.  In order to draw and make models for the facade of the basilica, Michelangelo tried to establish a new marble quarry in Pietrasanta, dedicated to the project.

    Unfortunately, the project had not yet made any substantial progress, and the sponsor suddenly canceled the commission due to financial problems.  The facade of this hall has not yet been built.

    ???????????????? Later.  In order to compensate Michelangelo, the Medici family entrusted him with another major project, this time to design a family mausoleum for the Medici family in the Basilica of San Lorenzo in Florence.

    During most of the 1520-1530s, Michelangelo was busy with this project.  Fortunately.  The construction project was finally successfully completed.

    In 1527, inspired by the sack of Rome, the citizens of Florence drove away the Medici family and restored the republic.  Florence was besieged for this purpose.

    1528©€1529.  Michelangelo built fortifications for his beloved Florence to resist invasion.  1530.  Florence was eventually captured and the Medici family regained power.

    After the Medici family returned to Florence, they began a harsh rule.  Michelangelo fled Florence in the mid-1530s, leaving only his assistants to complete the work on the Medici Chapel.

    Pope Clement VII of Rome commissioned Michelangelo to paint the fresco The Last Judgment on the altar wall of the Sistine Chapel. However, Clement VII died shortly after the commission.

    Paul III succeeded and provided support and help for Michelangelo's creation.  The murals began in 1534 and were completed in 1541.

      This work is so large that it occupies the entire wall of the Sistine Chapel altar.  The Last Judgment depicts the end of the world when Christ comes again to judge people and decide their fate.  Christ is surrounded by saints.

    As soon as the work was completed, some people thought that the mural was blasphemous because Michelangelo painted both Christ and the Virgin Mary naked.

    Cardinal Caraffa (later Pope Paul IV) and Mantua Ambassador Monsignor Cergnini asked the Pope to destroy the mural, but the Pope did not agree.

    After Michelangelo¡¯s death, the Vatican decided to put a fig leaf on the painting to cover his private parts.  One of Michelangelo's apprentices, Daniele da Volterra, accepted a commission to paint the characters in the painting with underpants, earning him the nickname the Pants Painter.

    In 1993, when the conservationists restored the mural, they decided to retain part of the fig leaf on Daniele's painting as a historical record.

    On the other hand, some artists destroyed part of Michelangelo's original brushes in order to polish this masterpiece.  The Capodimonte Museum in Naples has a copy of Marcello Venusti's painting, which is faithful to the original work. The original mural had not been modified by later generations at the time of the copying.

    The same scrutiny followed Michelangelo, who was once labeled a creator of obscenity because the figures in his works often exposed their genitals.

    Michelangelo¡¯s work was largely destroyed by the infamous fig leaf campaign, with plenty of fig leaves added to the mix.  For example, the fig leaf of the sculpture Christ of Minerva (located in the Santa Maria Maggiore, the site of a temple in Rome) has been preserved to this day.

    In 1546, the Holy See appointed Michelangelo as the architect of St. Peter's Basilica in the Vatican.  Michelangelo wanted to design a dome for the church.

    During the construction period, due to Michelangelo's advanced age, some people worried that he would not be able to complete the dome during his lifetime.  However, once the lower support ring of the dome was constructed, completion of the building was no longer an issue.

    In 1564, Michelangelo died in Rome at the age of 88.  This was only three weeks before his 89th birthday.  In accordance with his wishes, his body was returned to Florence from Rome and buried in the Basilica of Santa Croce in Florence.

    The Vatican's official newspaper "Osservatore Romano" reported in 2007 that the Holy See found what may be the last work of the famous art master Michelangelo in an office of St. Peter's Basilica. It is estimated that it was built for the year before his death.  A sketch of St. Peter's Basilica.
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