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Volume 3: With a blow of destiny, the king appears. Chapter 122: Pretending to be famous and wealthy without intending to do so.

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    The Scholars had a great influence on the novels of the Qing Dynasty, even though the book had no pre-designed structure at the beginning.  [Hu Shi said that this book is a satirical novel with a touch of realism. There are no words about gods and monsters, and there are very few words about heroic children.  Moreover, the characters in the book are all scholars. Talking about careers and political elections are not something ordinary people can understand.  Therefore, among the first-rate novels, The Scholars is the least popular.

    It is of certain significance to combat social injustice and enhance people¡¯s independent thinking.  Moreover, it has a profound inspiration for modern satirical literature.  Another feature of "The Scholars" is that it has a loose structure, with no backbone running through the beginning and end. Things come and go as they come.

    Xia Zhiqing mentioned in Chapter 6 "The Scholars" of "History of Chinese Classical Novels" that although "The Scholars" is an important novel reflecting the literati, if we look at the author's view of the bustling world of his era,  Judging from its colorful depiction, it seems to be more of a comedy of manners.

    Hu Shi believed that the later condemnation novels of the late Qing Dynasty, such as "The Strange Current Situation Witnessed in Twenty Years", "The Appearance of Officialdom", "The Travels of Lao Can", "Nie Hai Hua" and "The Biography of Hai Hai Hua", all inherited "The Scholars"  The lingering thoughts.

    "The Scholars" has been translated into English, French, German, Russian, Japanese, Italian and other languages.  It can be used as a living and vivid reference for the world to understand China's imperial examination system.

    Lu Xun's "A Brief History of Chinese Novels" spoke highly of it, saying that it was the first book in the series that could be called a satire, and there were few later books that satirized the world with a public heart, such as "The Scholars".

    Lu Xun also commented in "Historical Changes in Chinese Novels": Satirical novels can be said to have lost their influence since "The Scholars".

    There are many critics of The Scholars. Some scholars pointed out that in the twelfth chapter of The Scholars, Zhang Tiejui boasted that he could turn the contents of his bag into water instantly by adding my powdered medicine.  The hair is gone.  The story of Cui and Zhang claiming to be chivalrous is completely derived from Feng Yi's "Guiyuan Congtan".

    Qian Zhongshu said: Among the great works of old Chinese novels, "The Scholars" has the most similarities and references.  At the same time, Qian Zhongshu pointed out: Wu Jingzi was praised a lot by modern people for his love.

    According to research, there are two places in the seventh chapter, one place in the thirteenth chapter, one place in the fourteenth chapter, and one place in the forty-sixth chapter.  There are plots and dialogues that are followed.  There are also places where ancient poems are copied.

    Ji Xianlin pointed out that in the eighth chapter of "The Scholars", Mr. Zang said: It is the sound of Zhuzi, the sound of abacus.  The sound of the board.  It is similar to the story of Yuan Ji'an in Volume 1 of ten volumes of You Dong's "Gen Zhai Miscellaneous Notes" and Chu Renhui's "Jian Hu Collection".

    The female poet Shen Qiongzhi written in Chapters 40 and 41 of "The Scholars" is similar to the fourth volume of "Suiyuan Shihua".  The fifty-third chapter of "The Scholars" is identical to the first volume of "Youyang Zazu".

    From 1993 to 2006, the reading materials for the Chinese subject of the Hong Kong Secondary School Entrance Examination, Fan Jin's successful examination, are taken from part of the third chapter of this work, Zhouxue Dao School Scholars Recruiting Real Talents, Hu Butcher's Murder, and the Success Report.

    Many of the scholarly histories are historical facts, and some of the characters in them really existed.  For example, Wang Mian's painting of lotuses and money for his adoptive mother shows that the protagonist Wang Mian is a real person and his story is real.

    The preface of Huang Anjin's "New Commentary on "The Scholars"" says: "The Scholars" is a book.  When the Yong and Qian dynasties came out, many people in the north and south of Anhui enjoyed it.  It is quite involved in the customs and events of the north and south of the Yangtze River, and the records are mostly commonplace, and there is no fantasy. The people mentioned can be traced back to each other.  Therefore, hundreds of readers will never tire of reading it.

    "Preface to "The Scholars"" by Old Man Xianzhai: His book is based on fame, wealth and honor: there are those who are interested in fame and wealth and charm others; there are those who rely on fame and wealth and are arrogant; there are those who pretend to be fame and wealth without intending to do so.  Those who think they are high and are ridiculed by others will eventually give up their fame, fame and wealth, and become the mainstay of the top class.

    Xia Zhiqing's "Introduction to Chinese Classical Novels."  According to "The Scholars": The third part (chapters 37 to 54) is composed of a collection of various stories.  There is no clear idea.  Overall, this part leaves people with a serious impression of unevenness.

    "The Strange Current Situation Witnessed in Twenty Years", also known as "The Strange Current Situation Witnessed in Twenty Years in the Late Qing Dynasty", is a chapter-length novel written by Wu Jianren in the late Qing Dynasty under the pseudonym I am from Foshan.

    The book begins with a story about a man who narrowly escaped death and encountered a note in the market where he narrowly escaped death by selling it.  Narrow escape is the first person protagonist of this novel.  Because he believes that being lucky enough to survive in troubled times is really a narrow escape from death, so he takes this as his nickname.

    At the beginning, the protagonist went to the funeral for his father.  But the family elders and his father's friends coveted his family's property.  Fortunately, he received help from an official and made friends with him. After that, he started doing business under him and traveled around China to describe the general phenomena of the troubled times at that time. In the end, he failed in business.

    BookThe novel deliberately exaggerates the ugliness of human nature, especially focusing on foreign affairs and officialdom. Some parts are overdone, which is a failure, but this is also a common problem in the late Qing Dynasty's condemnation novels.

    "The Appearance of Officialdom", a novel of condemnation in the late Qing Dynasty, with 60 chapters in total.  The author Li Baojia (1867-1906), courtesy name Boyuan, also known as Nanting Pavilion Chang, was born in Wujin, Jiangsu Province.

    The style of this book is similar to "The Scholars", and is composed of a series of independent character stories. It was serialized in "World Prosperity News" in the 29th year of Guangxu (1903) and ended in the 31st year of Guangxu.

    This book points directly at the habits of subordinate subordinates in feudal bureaucracy and the dark corruption of officialdom. The military minister Hua Zhongtang opened an antique shop in the capital, specializing in the business of selling officials.

    There are almost no good people in the whole book, only bad ones. Even the Empress Dowager Cixi admits that there are eighteen provinces in the world. Where can the honest officials come from? Commander Hu was ordered to go to Yanzhou to suppress the bandits, but he marched simultaneously and allowed the soldiers to destroy the villages and rape the women.  Li Baojia even collected the rumors that were circulated at that time, and then cursed them to his heart's content, such as: A person who becomes an official for the first time has not gone through the wind and waves, and when he sees the letter from his superior, it says something about violation of duties, inconvenience, and strict supervision, he will definitely  To be scared into a panic

    At the beginning of the volume, there is a preface to Maoyuan Xiqiu Sheng: There is no achievements in governance outside of sending and greetings, and there is no talent outside of offering gifts;The skills of a sheep, a ruthless wolf, and a greedy one are the skills that others cannot bear to use, and the officials show them; the behavior of a fly and a dog is disdained by others.  Those who do it, and the officials do it.  Next, if you are addicted to sounds, sex, goods, and profit, you will be as addicted to it as your life; if you are happy and drink alcohol, you will regard it as normal.  If you look at the outside, you will see that there are irregularities and irregularities; if you look at the inside, you will see that things are overly leisurely and unruly.  All kinds of absurdities, all kinds of surliness, even if I run out of pen and ink, I can¡¯t write about it!  

    "The Appearance of Officialdom" is Li Baojia's masterpiece and one of the four major condemnation novels in the late Qing Dynasty.  Li Xiqi said: Most of the things written are real people and real things.  However, none of them use their real names, and all the pseudonyms they use have meanings.

    Lu Xun said: Due to the requirements of the current situation, it is quick to obtain this, so "The Appearance of Officialdom" suddenly became famous.

    This book is eager to express the characteristics of the Chinese era at that time, focusing on exposing the nastiness and despicability of bureaucrats. It lacks detailed embellishments in the content, the characters lack typification, the descriptions are too exaggerated, and the writing has no hidden edge, and the content is not interesting enough.

    The plots are mostly the same, and as they are written again and again, they are inevitably messy and repetitive. Also, because they are written and published, the structure is similar to that of "The Scholars", so it appears messy and scattered.

    Lu Xun said that all the stories he narrated were about pandering, digging into camps, hiding in confusion, digging in, and strife. They also reflected the enthusiasm of scholars for serving as officials and the hidden secrets of officials in their boudoir.  The clues are complicated and the characters are reunited. The story begins with one person, that is, it ends with the same person. It is broken or continued, which is similar to "The Scholars".

    "Lao Can's Travels", one of the four major condemnation novels in the late Qing Dynasty, was signed by Hongdu Bai Liansheng (also known as Hongdu Bai Liansheng) and was written by Liu E (1857©¤1909) in the Qing Dynasty. It has a total of 20 main chapters and 9 sequels.  , a volume of residual manuscripts compiled by an outsider, describing what the quack doctor Lao Can saw, heard and did during his travels. The writing was vivid and well received.  This work is also Liu E's only novel.
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