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Volume 3: A blow of destiny, the king appears Chapter 35: Furious

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    Because the incident happened so suddenly, the ministers were stunned and everyone lost their normal state.  Literature Hall However, the laws of the Qin State stipulate that the ministers in the palace are not allowed to carry any weapons; the warriors are all under the palace, and they cannot go to the palace without an edict.

    At this time, the doctor Xia Wuji threw a medicine bag at Jing Ke, but Jing Ke reached out to block it.  Ying Zheng took this moment to turn his sword behind his back, drew it out, turned around and cut off Jing Ke's left leg.  Jing Ke fell to the ground and threw the dagger at Ying Zheng, but it hit a copper pillar.

    Ying Zheng struck Jing Ke eight times with his sword. The warriors rushed to the palace and killed Jing Ke.  Afterwards, Ying Zheng commented on his merits and demerits, and rewarded the ministers and dealt with the guilty officials differently. Among them, Xia Wuji had merit in intercepting Jing Ke and was rewarded with two hundred yi of gold.

    Ying Zheng was furious and ordered Wang Jian and Xin Sheng's troops to cross Yishui in 227 BC (the 20th year of Qin Wangzheng's reign) and defeated the Yan and Dai armies to the west of Yishui.

    The following year, the Qin army captured Ji, the capital of Yan State.  Yan Wangxi, Prince Dan, Dai Wangjia and others led all the elite troops to retreat eastward to Liaodong. Wang Jian returned to Qin claiming illness.

    Qin General Li Xin pursued the King of Yan and Prince Dan closely. Prince Dan was hiding in the Yanshui River. Dai Wang Jiaze suggested that King Yan kill Prince Dan to seek forgiveness from Ying Zheng.  King Yan accepted Dai Wangjia's suggestion and sent an envoy to kill Prince Dan and offer his head to Ying Zheng.  At that time, the main force of the Qin army was almost transferred to the southern front to attack Chu, and Yan Wangxi and Dai Wangjia were able to survive in Liaodong.

    However, Ying Zheng did not give up. Five years later (the twenty-fifth year of the Qin Emperor's reign), Wang Ben was ordered by Ying Zheng to wipe out the remaining forces of the Yan State in Liaodong, and captured Yan Wang Xi and Dai Wang Jia. The Yan State was completely destroyed.  .

    In 264 BC, King Tian Jian of Qi came to the throne and reigned for 44 years. In the early days of his accession to the throne, he was assisted by his mother, the Queen.

    Because Qi State is located on the eastern seaboard, Qin State frequently attacks the Three Jin and Chu States.  In the face of Qin's attack, these four countries could only seek to save themselves. Therefore, during the reign of King Jian of Qi, Qi did not suffer much war, but this kind of peace was based on the sacrifices of the other four countries, because these four countries served as Tian Qi  Only by blocking the powerful Qin can Tian Qi enjoy peace.

    On the other hand, the queen tolerated Qin at all times during her lifetime and did not help the four countries, even after Zhao was defeated in the Battle of Changping.  He also did not advise Qi Wangjian to assist Zhao in time. As a result, the Qin army easily surrounded Handan, and Zhao's national power was greatly reduced, which laid the foundation for the demise of the Six Kingdoms.

    After the death of the queen, Qin paid a lot of money to buy off the prime minister of Qi.  The Hou Sheng who came from the queen's family made Qi neither join forces to resist Qin nor strengthen its war preparations. King Jian of Qi even went to Qin in person to pay homage to Qin in 237 BC (the tenth year of King Qin's reign), and Ying Zheng held a banquet in Xianyang.  Hospitality.

    After Qin destroyed the five kingdoms, King Jiancai of Qi suddenly felt threatened by Qin and hurriedly gathered his troops to the western border.  And cut off contact with Qin, but it was too late.

    In 221 BC (the twenty-sixth year of the Qin Dynasty), Ying Zheng ordered Wang Ben to lead his army south to attack Qi after destroying Yan on the grounds that Qi refused to allow Qin envoys to visit Qi.  Meng Tian was born as a general and had just served as a general of the Qin State. He also participated in the war to destroy Qi. After the victory in the battle, he was awarded the title of Internal History.

    The Qin army avoided the main force of the Qi army in the west.  Going south from the southern part of Yan State, the road is as strong as a broken bamboo.  With little resistance, the army reached Linzi, the capital of Qi (now north of Zibo, Shandong), and the Qi army was caught off guard.  King Jian of Qi followed Hou Sheng's advice and surrendered without a fight, and was later moved to Gongcheng.

    After the Qin army invaded Linzi, no one dared to resist.  However, after the incident, the people of Qi complained that King Jian of Qi did not join forces with the princes to attack Qin earlier, and only obeyed Qin's advice, leading to the country's destruction. They sarcastically said: Songye Boye?  Are you a guest if you live with the Communist Party of China?

    The demise of Qi also marked the end of the Warring States Period, ending more than 500 years of long-term separatist disputes among princes, and finally establishing the Qin Empire, the first centralized monarchy in Chinese history.  This year King Qin Yingzheng was thirty-nine years old.

    "In 242 BC (the fifth year of the Qin Dynasty), the Qin army annexed twenty cities in Wei and established Dongjun there. In the second year (the sixth year of the Qin Dynasty), the five kingdoms of Han, Wei, Zhao, Wei, and Chu formed  The allied forces attacked Qin and captured Shouling.

    Qin sent troops and the five countries stopped their march.  The Qin State then captured the Wei State. Weijun Jiaowei led his clan to move to Yewang. The Wei State's Hanoi County was saved due to the dangerous mountains, but Chaoge was captured by the Qin State. As for the original capital of the Wei State,  Puyang was merged into Dongjun of Qin State.

    After Qin destroyed the six kingdoms, Wei State was still retained by Ying Zheng.  It was not until the first year of Qin II that he ordered the liberation of the country, deposed Weijunjiao as a commoner, and Weiguo became the last Kanto country to be destroyed by Qin.

    Therefore, some scholars believe that this may be connected to the historical mystery of the identity of Qin Shihuang's queen. In other words, Yingzheng's queen (or queen) may come from the Weiguo family with the surname Ji, and the son Fusu may be the Weiguo family.  She was born to the late Queen (or queen) Ji (there is another theory that Fusu¡¯s biological mother was a princess of Chu). This also explains why the second emperor of Qin, Hu Hai, immediately abolished Wei Junjiao after he came to the throne.??, that is, after Qin II corrected the imperial edict and killed his brother Fusu, he eliminated the threat from the influence of Fusu and his relatives to defend the country by the Eastern Rebel Army.  "

    Many scholars in the past dynasties have discussed the reasons why the Six Kingdoms were destroyed by the Qin State. Among them, the theory of the Six Kingdoms by the three Su father and son (Su Xun, Su Shi, and Su Zhe) who were among the eight great masters of the Tang and Song Dynasties is more famous.

    Su Xun believed that the reason for the collapse of the Six Kingdoms was due to bribery of Qin.

    Su Shi believed that the Qin State easily destroyed the six kingdoms because it raised scholars, and after unification, it quickly perished because it regarded raising scholars as useless. This was probably because the Song Dynasty scholars Zhang Yuan and Wu Hao failed because of exhaustion.  The feeling of betraying the Song Dynasty and joining the Xia Dynasty.

    As for Su Che, he started from the perspective of geographical strategy, saying that the six countries in Shandong must maintain Korea and Wei as barriers. Korea and Wei are located in the Central Plains. If these two countries are not protected, the other four countries can only be defeated by Qin one by one.

    In fact, the demise of the Six Kingdoms was mainly affected by internal and external factors and other factors. The three Su's arguments combined are closer to the truth that Qin was able to unify the Six Kingdoms, but there are still shortcomings.

    Confucius once said that if you have enough food, you will have enough soldiers, and the people will trust you.  , Qin people can achieve these three points of having enough food, enough soldiers, and the people of the country are convinced. As long as the person who comes to power is not a faint king, they can naturally annex the six countries.

    For example, the Qin people benefited from the fertile fields in the middle and the salt and iron from Bashu. They were not afraid of the salt and iron blockade of the six Shandong countries. They had Zhengguo Canal in the north and Dujiangyan in the south.  Merit, the soldiers dared to fight, and they had achieved a sufficient number of soldiers, while Shang Yang showed his faith by moving to the wood, and he had convinced the people of the country, so he had an overwhelming advantage over the six countries of Shandong.

    In addition, the Qin State¡¯s weapons manufacturing process and system are very strict. Every weapon must be recorded on the product with its real name, from the production workers, warehouse custodians, factory responsible persons, to the central government¡¯s director-general.

    This system is called Le Ming Gong Guan. It is both a product quality supervision system and a product circulation supervision system. It can track the whereabouts of every weapon product from beginning to end. Therefore, the weapons of the Qin State are extremely sophisticated. The Qin Dynasty Bronze Ge 10 discovered in 1982  The seven-year prime minister Qi Zhuang Ge is a specific example (now collected in Tianjin Museum).

    In addition, the Qin State has a superior geographical location. It has no strong or evenly matched enemies in the north, south, west, south, and north, so it can concentrate on expanding to the east.  Even if the expedition to the east fails, with the strength of Weishan and Hangu Pass, we can still defend ourselves, recuperate, and wait for the six Shandong countries to attack each other.

    Compared with the narrow land and people of the Three Jin Dynasties, the Qin State can be said to be vast and sparsely populated. Therefore, the Qin State often recruited people from the Three Jin Dynasties to farm in the Qin State, and was given fields and houses, exempted from military service, and specialized in farming and weaving.  In this way, the local people of Qin can fully devote themselves to military service and take turns fighting.

    Historical records record that the people of Qin were brave but very simple at that time. In terms of military force, Qin was the most powerful, followed by the three Jins, and Qi people were the most timid.

    In order to prevent the people of Qin from becoming weak, Qin took measures to minimize the contact between the people of Qin and the people of Guandong.  For example, in 325 BC, King Huiwen of Qin sent Zhang Yi to take Shaanxi County of Wei State, and then sent the local people back to Wei State.  Even if the Qin State recruited the people of the Three Jin Dynasties to cultivate land, it would only place them in newly opened areas and not have any contact with the people of the Qin State.  Maintaining strong folk customs was also the main factor in Qin's elimination of the Six Kingdoms.
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