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Volume 3: A blow of destiny, the king appears Chapter 92: Not following etiquette, relying on drinking and decadence

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    Evaluation, Tang Dynasty©¤

    Xuanzong of the Tang Dynasty wrote a poem about Bai Juyi: For sixty years, who taught Ming Lu to become a poet?  The floating clouds are not named Juyi, but the inaction of creation is named Lotte.  The boy can sing the song of Everlasting Sorrow, and the Hu'er can sing the pipa piece.  The chapter is full of people's ears. I miss you at one time and feel sad at the same time.  This poem can be used as a summary of Bai Juyi's life.

    Bai Juyi's poems are widely circulated, but their evaluations in the past dynasties are inconsistent.

    Yuan Zhen commented on Bai Juyi's poem: Everyone has his or her own strengths, and Lotte can have many strengths.  The satirical poems are better at excitement, the leisurely poems are better at conveying, the sentimental poems are better at cutting, the five-character rhyme poems with a hundred words are better than support, the five-character and seven-character poems with a hundred words are better at emotion, poems and praises  He is good at words, proverbs, precepts and the like; he is good at stele, records, narrations, events, and edicts; he is good at initiators, memorials, expressions, and forms; he is good at books, appeals, words, strategies, and analysis.  All in all, not much.  Bai Juyi was highly respected.

    However, the epitaph written by Du Mu for Li Kan recorded Li Kan's criticism of the Yuan and Bai Dynasties: Poets can sing, they can flow on bamboo, and they can play drums on silk. Women and children all want to recite satire, but the national customs are thin and thick, and they can be fanned.  In poetry, it is as fast as the wind.  Since the Yuanhe Dynasty, there have been poets from the Yuan Dynasty and the Bai Dynasty. They are not as beautiful as they should be, and they are not elegant people. They are mostly ruined by them. They live among the people and are neglected by the walls. Sons and daughters, mothers and fathers, talk to each other and teach, and talk obscenely.  Cold in winter and hot in summer penetrate into human muscles and bones and cannot be removed.  Since I have no position, I cannot use the law to rule it.

    Many people in later generations criticized Du Mu for his many obscene words, complaining about Bai Juyi, and even thought that Du Mu was using Li Kan's words to take revenge.  However, it can also be seen that in the Tang Dynasty, the evaluation of Bai Juyi was inconsistent.

    Evaluation, Five Dynasties and Song Dynasty©¤

    The new and old Tang books also have different evaluations of Bai Juyi.  The old Tang Dynasty books highly affirmed Bai Juyi's academic achievements: in the past, the talented scholars in Jian'an were first dominated by Cao and Liu; in the Yongming Dynasty, when the emperor resigned, he first gave up the credit to Shen and Xie.  Yuanhe's main alliance is just a small and happy one.

    The minister Guan Yuan¡¯s policy was discussed by Bai Zhi.  The secret of the pot is the root of chaos.  It's not just a fragment of a ballad, it's a novel written by Pan Yu.  As far as observation is concerned, it is better to live in an easy place, rest assured in the place where you are satisfied, place your utensils in a place where they will be safe, and travel leisurely until the end of your life. Isn't this virtuous?

    The description of Bai Juyi in the New Book of Tang Dynasty is precise and precise, but it is the most skillful poem.  It is also said that Juyi was in Yuanhe and Changqing.  It is as famous as Yuan Zhen, and it is longer than poetry, but it cannot be called the right one.  However, the New Book of Tang highly affirmed Bai Juyi's character: Guan Juyi began to work hard with a straight path, fighting for safety in front of the emperor, hoping to make meritorious deeds.  Although he was reprimanded in the middle, he will continue to gain strength later in life.  When Zong Min was in power, he was extremely powerful, but he never attached himself to Li for the sake of advancement, and he was proud of himself after completing his duties.

    And the prime minister in Daozhong Dao was in danger.  Crying, Juyi is so virtuous!  This change in evaluation may be closely related to the rise of the ancient movement in the Song Dynasty.

    Su Shi¡¯s evaluation of Bai Juyi also has inconsistencies.  Su Shi once put forward the idea that Yuan was light and white.  There are quite a few criticisms of Yuan Bai's poetic style.  However, later on, he often compared himself with Bai Juyi. For example, he was like an old layman from Xiangshan, whose connections in life were shallow but his roots were deep.

    Another example is that I left Hangzhou for sixteen years, came back and stayed for two years, and then left.  Throughout his life, he has always been aware of his origins, old and young, and is like Lotte.  Although their talents and names are far apart, they are still humble and modest.  Su Shi's poems about Bai Juyi are also very sublime in Bai Gong's poems in his later years.  's comments.

    Evaluation, Liao, Jin and Yuan dynasties©¤

    According to records, the emperor of Liao personally translated Bai Juyi's allegorical poems into Khitan characters.  Order the ministers to read.  Yuan Haowen spoke highly of Bai Juyi's poems. He said: Bingzhou is not a windy area.  One happy day in five hundred years.  Under the new sentence of "Thirty Poems on Poems", which is natural and eternal, Yuan Haowen himself noted: Tao Yuanming, Bai Letian of Jin Dynasty.

    Evaluation, Ming and Qing ©¤

    Wang Shizhen, the seventh son of the Ming Dynasty, and Wang Shizhen, the Shen Yun School of the Qing Dynasty, did not like Bai Juyi's poems.

    In contrast, San Yuan from the public security faction had a very high evaluation of Bai Juyi.  Yuan Zongdao took Bai Suzhai as his name and wrote a poem "Yong Huai Xiao Bai"; Yuan Hongdao compared Yuan Bai Ousu with Li Dubanma; Yuan Zhongdao also agreed with his brothers' opinions.

    Yuan Mei, who advocated the theory of human nature and spirit in the Qing Dynasty, also gave Bai Juyi a very high evaluation.  In addition, "Poems of the Tang and Song Dynasties" compiled by Emperor Qianlong of the Qing Dynasty gave a very high evaluation to Bai Juyi's poems and works. He believed that Bai Juyi had real talents in managing the world, and believed that officials should use Bai Juyi's poems to save troubles and Ruojing.  The best way to make up for one's failure is to work hard as a motto.

    Evaluation, modern China©¤

    Hu Shi praised the academic reform movement led by Bai Juyi and Yuan Zhen, believing that it could create public opinion through poetry and help improve politics.

    Because Chen Duxiu and Hu Shi advocated the New Learning Movement, which advocated vernacular and did not avoid common words and idioms, Bai Juyi's poetry was highly praised.  Including Chen Yinke, Liu Dajie, Qian Jibo, etc., all gave Bai Juyi high praise.  However, Qian Zhongshu's evaluation of Bai Juyi was not high.

    Reviews, other countries©¤

    Bai Juyi¡¯s collection was highly praised in Japan.  Heian Era, Suga??Daozhen wrote Chinese poetry. When people in the Bohai Kingdom saw Daozhen's poems, they thought they were very similar to Bai Juyi's poems. This comment made Daozhen very happy, and they even recorded it and were proud of it.

    One of the Demon Guardians - Lu You

    Lu You (November 13, 1125 AD - 1210 AD), poet and lyricist of the Southern Song Dynasty.  Ziwuguan, nicknamed Fangweng, was from Shanyin, Yuezhou (now Shaoxing, Zhejiang).  Later generations regard Lu You as the top poet of the Southern Song Dynasty.

    Lu You once asked for the abolition of Lingchi. "Please abolish Lingchi Punishment" said: The muscles are exhausted, but the breath is not gone, the liver and heart are connected, and the vision is still there.  Sentimentality leads to peace and harms benevolent governance. It is really not suitable for the holy world to follow, but it was not accepted by the court.

    Lu You was born in a family of officials who lived in poverty and studied hard to become an official.  Lu You's great ancestor was Lu Zhen, the Taifu of Song Renzong, his grandfather Lu Dian, and his father Lu Zai.  It was an era when the Song Dynasty was in decline and was repeatedly invaded by the Jin Kingdom (Jurchen tribe).  The year after his birth, Jin Bing captured Bianjing, the capital of the Northern Song Dynasty. He fled with his family when he was still in his infancy. Affected by the social and family environment, he determined to kill Hu (Jin Bing) and save the country from an early age.

    Although the feudal family gave Lu You a good cultural influence, especially patriotic education, it also brought misfortune to his marriage.  When he was 20 years old, he married Tang Wan. The couple had a close relationship, but his mother did not like Tang and forced them to separate. Tang remarried Zhao Shicheng, and Lu You also married Wang.

    Lu You was very sad after the divorce.  In the 25th year of Shaoxing (1155), at the age of 31, when he was traveling through Shen Garden, he met Tang Wan and his wife by chance. Lu You wrote the poem "The Hairpin Head Phoenix" on the wall of Shen Garden to express his deep feelings. After that, he wrote poems in memory many times until he was 75 years old.  He also wrote the famous love poem "Shen Yuan".  Tang was so sad after reading Lu You's "The Hairpin-Headed Phoenix" that he composed a poem about "The Hairpin-Headed Phoenix" and died soon after.

    Lu Younian was able to write poems, learn swordsmanship, and study military literature.  At the age of 29, he went to Lin'an Province for examination.  Ranked first.  The following year, he took the examination of the Ministry of Rites. Because he ranked ahead of the grandson of Qin Hui, the powerful official of the Zhuhe faction, and because he did not forget the national humiliation, he was happy to recover. He requested that the family be rich first in matters of gifts, and that the big merchants should be contacted in matters of taxation.  Deposed by Qin Hui.

    Hui died. In the 28th year of Shaoxing, he was appointed as the chief registrar of Ningde County, Fuzhou. In the 30th year of Shaoxing, he was summoned to the imperial edict and became a deletion official.  Xiaozong ascended the throne and was granted a Jinshi background.  Later, because he urged Zhang Jun to go on the Northern Expedition, disagreements occurred between his subordinates and generals.  Coupled with the resistance of the Zhuhe faction, the imperial court was immediately shaken, and Lu You was also crowned as a remonstrator, drumming up right and wrong.  For example, Zhang Jun was dismissed from office because of the crime of using troops.  In the sixth year, he started to pass judgment on Kuizhou.

    In the eighth year of Qiandao (1172), the main battle general Wang Yan hired Lu You to the shogunate to assist in military affairs, which caused great changes in Lu You's life.  Military life opened his arms and he wrote many passionate and patriotic poems.

    Flying frost grazing the face and cold pressure on the fingers.  "I Only Serve the Country" can be said to be a portrayal of his life and mood during this period.  Although Lu You was full of sincerity and sincerity in serving the country, because of the imperial court.  He only wanted peace and had no intention of making progress, and his ambition to restore the country was never given the chance to be extended.

    In the second year of Chunxi (1175), Fan Chengda invited Lu You to join his staff and serve as the counselor of the Chengdu Road Appeasement Department.  Lu and Fan were close friends as poets, so they did not adhere to official etiquette very much, which aroused ridicule from their colleagues; and because their ambition to restore the country and personal fame could not be extended for a long time, they often behaved in a more indulgent and frivolous manner, and were accused by their colleagues of being informal.  Etiquette, relying on wine and decadence.

    So Lu You simply called himself Fang Weng and mocked himself in his poems.  In the fifth year of Chunxi reign, Changping tea salt on Fujian Road was promoted.  In the sixth year of Chunxi's reign, Jiangnan West Road was promoted.  In the thirteenth year of Chunxi's reign, he learned about Yanzhou.  In the fifteenth year of Chunxi's reign, he served as a military commander.

    After that, he was promoted and demoted many times. For more than twenty years after the first year of Guangzong Shaoxi (1190), he stayed dormant in his hometown in the countryside of Shanyin for a long time.

    Because he was good at maintaining his health and was fond of eating barley and fungus, he was still able to hear and see well in his old age.  In the fifth year of Qingyuan (1199), Lu You wrote "The Story of Nanyuan" for Han Zhouzhou. It is said that Han Zhouzhou ordered his four wives to play the Ruanqin and dance.

    ????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????.  During this period, although he still proposed the anti-Hu campaign to the court, he was always criticized.  Finally, in the second year of Jiading (1209), he passed away at the age of 85 with the regret of not seeing his territory recovered.

    Lu You advocated the Northern Expedition throughout his life. Although he was repeatedly excluded and attacked by the Zhuhe faction, his patriotism remained unswerving until death. He was also known as the four great poets of the Southern Song Dynasty along with You Miao, Yang Wanli, and Fan Chengda.

    Before his death, he once wrote a masterpiece in "Shi'er": After death, I will know that everything is in vain, but I will not be as sad as Jiuzhou.  Wang Shibei sets the Central Plains Day, and does not Don't forget to tell Nai Weng when making family sacrifices.  , can be called the masterpiece that best expresses Lu You¡¯s creative spirit.

    He produced a large number of poems and continued to write unremittingly even into his old age.  In fact, he created more than 10,000 songs. After he deleted and eliminated them, there are still more than 9,300 songs.

    "Yin at Night" I have studied poetry in vain for more than sixty years, and I only know it in my heart.  At night, under the cold light, it is time for the golden elixir to change its bones.

    "Shi'er" After death, I know that everything is in vain, but the sadness is not the same as that of Jiuzhou.  Wang Shibei set the Central Plains day, homeDon't forget to tell Nai Weng when you offer sacrifices.

    Poems can be roughly divided into three periods:

    The first period is for teenagers to middle-aged (46 years old). It is the longest period but has the fewest remaining works, about 200. This is because Lu You deleted and eliminated his early works that he was not ready to paint.

    The second issue is for people aged 46-54, with more than 2,400 poems.  During this period, as he was deeply involved in military life, his poetic style became bold and magnificent, and his patriotic thoughts were further enhanced.  The maturity and richness of his poetry creation during this period established his lofty status as a descendant.

    The third period was when he lived in seclusion in his hometown until his death. There are 6,500 existing poems.  The reason why the number is large is because he did not have time to eliminate them in his later years.  During this period, there were more contacts with farmers, coupled with the ups and downs of the officialdom, and his advanced age, so the style changed to a pastoral style with a clear and distant past and a desolate feeling about life.

    However, even though the style of poetry changed three times, his poems are still full of strong patriotic sentiments. This is his greatest feature and the reason why he has been praised throughout the ages.  There are also other works that are more plain, elegant, and even bizarre (there are hundreds of poems about dreams in the collection), but they are a minority.

    "Moon over Guanshan", "Shu Anger", "Golden Wrong Knife", "Farmer's Sigh", "Huangzhou", "Long Song Xing", etc. are all his representative works.

    ????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? away from Qin Guan in the delicate and beautiful parts, similar to Su Shi in the strong and fast parts, and more like Xin Qiji in the super cool parts.  The most famous ones are "Complaining of Heartfelt Love" (when I searched thousands of miles for a feudal prince) and "Bu Shuzi" (beside the broken bridge outside the post office).

    His academic theories are also quite influential. He advocates poetry as a powerful tool to vent people's depression, and he also advocates nourishing Qi for work.
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