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Text Chapter 48: Shocking the World 4

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    President Truman faced difficulties that no president had faced since the Civil War.  I see that the vast majority of people are demanding an end to this war.  Although he wanted to save the face of the American leader, the corrupt war situation in Korea forced him to make the decision to sacrifice his troops to save his vehicles by withdrawing the "United Army" commanded by MacArthur from North Korea and making every effort to save Japan.  At this time, he was more worried about the Soviet Union and China taking over Japan.  For the United States, Japan's strategic position is far more important than North Korea.  When to withdraw?  How to withdraw?  Truman spent a lot of time thinking.  Secretary of State Acheson, Secretary of Defense George Marshall, Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff Bradley and others discussed and negotiated overnight and finally found the best strategy.  Finally, with Truman's approval, the Joint Chiefs of Staff sent an ambiguous telegram to MacArthur: All available estimates indicate that the United States and the Soviet Union have taken action, and they are capable of driving the coalition forces out of North Korea.  Dedicating large numbers of U.S. troops to the region would jeopardize our other obligations, including those to Japan's security.  It is also unrealistic to ask other UN member states to provide large amounts of reinforcements to North Korea.  We don¡¯t think North Korea is a place for a big war.  Furthermore, we do not believe that we should send our remaining existing ground forces to Korea to fight Japan amid the growing threat of a new world war.  Until the true nature of the attack on the two aircraft carrier fleets is clear, no more aircraft carrier fleets can be sent to the area.  However, if we do not suffer serious losses, we can successfully resist the Japanese attack in a certain area of ????Korea and retain a strategic force on the Korean Peninsula, which will be of great significance to our national interests.  For now, it is very important to withdraw troops in an orderly manner and to withdraw the coalition forces in North Korea at the appropriate time.  MacArthur was very frustrated and angry. He looked at this hesitant and ambiguous telegram.  It seems to indicate that the US government has lost the will to win in North Korea.  On the other hand, he was unwilling to accept his failure.  Advocate for large-scale retaliation against **.  He immediately called back to the Joint Chiefs of Staff and proposed: 1. Blockade China's coast; 2. Use atomic bombs to destroy China's industrial capabilities for war and bridges in the Soviet Far East; 3. Let Taiwan's Kuomintang troops launch a diversionary attack on the mainland.  .  After receiving MacArthur's reply, Bradley told Truman, "The reason why MacArthur disregarded the national interests of the United States and made such a claim was entirely because his mythical dignity was damaged. The Chinese people fooled this person."  A "military genius" who was always correct, he was brought down from the altar. In order to restore his lost face and military reputation, MacArthur did not hesitate to use his desire to prompt us to engage in an all-out war with Red China and the Soviet Union and provoke a third war.  World War 1 and a nuclear holocaust¡±.  The U.S. Joint Chiefs of Staff formally rejected MacArthur's retaliation claim and once again instructed MacArthur: "We must organize the troops in North Korea to withdraw to South Korea in an orderly manner as soon as possible. Priority must be given to the safety of your troops and the basic task of defending Japan. Once this happens,  When you realize that you must retreat to avoid serious losses of personnel and materials, evacuate from North Korea to Japan. On November 4, Truman also expressed his contradictory psychological state in his telegram to MacArthur. On the one hand, he asked him to insist on doing his best in North Korea.  Being able to retain a force that could preserve South Korea, and on the other hand, allow him to ensure the safety of the 8th Army for the defense of Japan. Truman was also unsure about how to resolve the Korean issue through purely military means.  It would inevitably risk causing a world war. However, the United States was not ready and did not have the strength to fight a world war. It had no mobile power to mobilize to North Korea. Truman thought of turning to allies again, but these countries had clearly seen this.  , the United States has no hope of victory in North Korea. Can it still send troops? It is better not to go to the two-skinned man. At this time, he feels that the situation in North Korea is "helpless." It is better to forget it.  South Korea ignores European interests, let alone cripples the United States for a moment of courage. Bradley completely agrees with Truman's opinion:  If we continue to expand the war in Korea, or even expand it to China, it will make us fight the wrong war at the wrong place, at the wrong time, with the wrong enemy."  So on the fourth day of the Chinese People's Volunteer Army's full-scale counterattack, that is, on November 5, the United States held a National Security Council meeting to review the United States' policy on the Korean War and believed that relying solely on military means could no longer solve the North Korean problem.  After the meeting, Truman found Secretary of State Acheson in his office and said to him: "You must find a way, not only to contact the Soviet Union, but also to find ways to have direct contact and understand their true intentions. Find out  A political solution." Acheson immediately said: "I think contact with the Communist Party is completely necessary and possible. On October 23, Premier Zhou Enlai of the Chinese Government Affairs Council called me to discuss the invasion of our aircraft.  ChinaProtested over the matter.  In this protest, he sent a relatively mild signal to the Chinese government. He said in the telegram: "The Chinese government and people, in the spirit of humanitarianism, are willing to return the remains of U.S. military personnel and the U.S. government at the appropriate time and place.  A meeting was held. "It was just that the war broke out before we could deal with it.  Mr. President, a delegation of theirs is coming to the United States in the next few days to attend the United Nations General Assembly meeting. We will use this matter as an excuse to get in touch after the meeting. Wouldn't it be a good opportunity to hold a meeting? But I have to give Zhou the opportunity in advance.  Please call us back, otherwise this delegation will not be authorized to talk to us.  " "I don't know what level of delegation this is, and whether it can represent the true consciousness of the top leaders of the **." Truman said with some worry. "No matter what level it is, it is always the official representative of the **. It's okay to be a microphone.  "." Acheson replied. "Truman said: "You can make arrangements for what to do specifically, but it must be done secretly in advance. Also, do not report the attack on the aircraft carrier.  Minimize its impact.  It is necessary to further strengthen intelligence work on the Soviet Union, especially intelligence on weapons.  Find out as soon as possible what weapon was used to attack our aircraft carrier this time.  "
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