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Text Chapter 132 China¡¯s Silicon Valley

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    On the day of this year, at the invitation of the Supreme Minister and the Prime Minister.  Deng Feng led the base to participate in the celebration of the second anniversary of the founding of the People's Republic of China.  These outstanding representatives who came to the base include the fighting heroes who led the war to resist U.S. aggression, aid Korea, liberate Taiwan, and regain the Ryukyus; there are representatives of the "base ordnance group" who have made great contributions to the construction of the national defense industry; there are also representatives who have worked selflessly for the development of China's metallurgical industry.  The advanced collective of the "Base Steel Group", and the comrades of the "Base Oil Group" who threw China's oil-poor hat into the Pacific Ocean. But what attracted the most attention from the base were the comrades who came to the "Base Semiconductor Research Institute"  . They produced the first "Blue Sky" brand individual tube heterodyne AM and FM transistor radios. This time they brought four units to Beijing as a generous gift for the second anniversary of the National Day. [] At the New Year's Eve.  In September, a major new invention in the world was the transistor. From the beginning, people realized that this little wizard would change the status quo of radio forever. But it took four years for people to realize this.  For reality. The Base Semiconductor Research Institute produced the first "Blue Sky" brand heterodyne AM and FM transistor radio of this era. Whole year ago, the first one put on the market in the United States was only  The 4-pig transistor radio was three years earlier than the first portable transistor radio was launched in 2006. More importantly, it marked that China had become the leader in the field of microelectronics.  Seizing the commanding heights of science and technology in the next few decades, especially after the power of transistors in the fields of military technology and aerospace has become increasingly apparent, countries around the world have launched fierce competition to compete for dominance in the electronics field.  In order to realize the prototype of electronic equipment, people have given huge financial support to the electronics industry regardless of cost. The base semiconductor research institute has not only saved China a lot of money and research time, but also helped China in one fell swoop.  China has gained an absolute advantage in this cutting-edge field. What is of greater practical and far-reaching historical significance is that the economic levers of intellectual property in this field can limit the expansion and development direction of various countries in this field.  It is easy to obtain huge development funds for China. It is not difficult to see how important the transistor was in that era. It is not difficult to see from the fact that Shockley, Bardeen, and Bratton won the Nobel Prize in Physics at the same time for the invention of the transistor.  In the more than ten years since the early 1990s, the world's major industrial countries have invested huge amounts of money in research, development, and production of transistors and semiconductor devices. They have experienced countless failures and spent countless amounts of money.  In order to overcome the technical difficulty of transistors that begin to fail due to excessive temperatures, the U.S. government has invested tens of millions of dollars. The Chinese are here! Sorry, Mr. Shockley, Bardeen, and Bratton.  The Nobel Prize in Physics also has a new owner. Since the beginning of this era, all members of the base have realized the importance of semiconductors. China¡¯s industrial base is poor and its economy is low. It needs to catch up and pass.  As a developed country in the world, standing at the top of the world's economic development, the key to realizing China's leapfrog development is to start directly from today's most cutting-edge fields." The microelectronics industry must be promoted.  Therefore, the development and production of semiconductors are listed as important tasks.  Deng Feng personally took charge and focused on the production of polycrystalline silicon and monocrystalline silicon.  Yo year.  In September, that is, when the base network just traveled to this era, the base first established the "Base Semiconductor Research Institute. Without the support of the semiconductor industry and technology, there would be no controllable weapons, and it would be impossible to have advanced radar and communication systems. The base  The advanced nature has become the source of no modernization and informatization. This is unbearable for people who came to the information age, and they have lost their most important advantages in resisting U.S. aggression and aiding Korea.  During the war, the base overcame many difficulties and mobilized many elite soldiers and generals throughout the base. In order to establish China's basic industry and advanced information industry, it established many "professional groups, ranging from small to various fields, going deep into factories, and  Go to the grassroots level and directly organize research and production.  Among them are the base's microelectronics pilot professionals, led by the circuit design engineer from Dr. Yi's station.  The smelting plant of the "Fengtian Metallurgical Co., Ltd." in Tiexi, Shenyang during the Japanese puppet period began to produce polycrystalline silicon and monocrystalline silicon. With the full support of the central and local governments, they filtered the air in the sterile operating room of the base hospital.  The system was dismantled and used to build a 1,000-level, 10,000-level turbulent flow clean workshop, and a 100,000-level turbulent flow clean workshop for chip processing and production. Although everyone is very familiar with the process and technology of chip processing and production.  Understand. But it is indeed not an easy task to actually produce it, because the production of chips requires a lot of proprietary equipment, such as testing equipment, circuit etching equipment, and proprietary equipment for the photolithography process.  Manufacturing is very complicated. Photolithography is a very complex step in the chip manufacturing process. Why?What to say?  The photolithography process uses light of a certain wavelength to carve corresponding notches in the photosensitive layer, thereby changing the chemical properties of the material there.  This technology has extremely strict requirements on the wavelength of light used, requiring the use of short-wavelength ultraviolet rays and lenses with large curvatures.  The etching process can also be affected by stains on the wafer.  Each etching step is a complex and delicate process.  The amount of data required to design each step of the process can be measured in certain units, and the etching steps required to manufacture each processor are multiple, with one layer of etching performed at each step.  Moreover, if the drawings of each layer of square eclipse are enlarged many times, they can be compared with the map of the entire New York City plus the suburbs, and are even more complicated. Imagine shrinking the entire New York map to the actual area of ??only four square millimeters.  On the chip, you can imagine how complex the structure of this chip is.  Moreover, it is indeed not something that can be accomplished in a year and a half to create such production equipment.  Without chickens, eggs cannot be produced.  Therefore, the base gathered some mechanical, optical, and electronic professionals to form a production equipment research team to undertake the postgraduate research on how to make "chickens" in the plasma etching machine.  While conducting chip research and production at the Base Semiconductor Research Institute, they followed the principle of first making things easy and then making things difficult, and produced transistors first.  Transistor production is much simpler than chip production.  They know that the transistor they can produce now is absolutely ahead of the curve in this era.  ?Transistor is also called semiconductor triode.  It is a semiconductor device that contains two rigid junctions inside, and usually three junctions on the outside, leading to electrodes.  Its low cost, flexibility and reliability make it a universal device for non-mechanical tasks. In digital calculations and controlling electrical appliances and machinery, transistor circuits can completely replace motor equipment, and it is cheaper and more effective.  Using electronic controls instead of an equivalent mechanical control would be simpler, more convenient, and more reliable.  In the early 1990s, the world was still in the era of electron tubes, and the major developed countries in the world of transistors were still in the research and exploration stage.  Compared with electron tubes, transistors have many advantages: the components of transistors are not consumed.  The life of a transistor is generally longer than that of an electron tube. The old transistor consumes very little power, only a few tenths of that of an electron tube: the transistor does not need to be preheated and will work as soon as it is turned on.  There is no way a tube device can fail to do this.  Obviously, in military, measurement and many other aspects, transistors are very advantageous; transistors are strong and reliable, four times more reliable than electron tubes, and resistant to shock and vibration, which are incomparable to electron tubes.  In addition, the volume of a transistor is only one-tenth to one-hundredth of that of an electron tube, it releases very little heat, and can be used to design more complex, more reliable circuits.  Although the manufacturing process of transistors requires precision, the process is simple, which is conducive to increasing the mounting density of components.  Now that transistors are produced first, they can be widely used in industrial and agricultural production, national defense construction, and people's daily lives.  It's a bit bigger than the chip.  After more than a month of hard work, they successfully produced a variety of metal package, plastic package, glass package and ceramic package transistors according to the different use environments and uses of the transistors.  After 8 months of day and night work, with the great help of the base repair shop, surface mount and printed circuit board equipment and optical inspection equipment were produced, and Tongbo was found.  Upstream companies in fiber cloth and substrates help these companies innovate and transform their original equipment.  Establish a "blue sky" printing board production plant that can produce various single-sided, double-sided and multi-layer ordinary circuit boards and flexible circuit boards according to needs.  It has made a huge contribution to China becoming the world's most important printed circuit board manufacturing base in the next few decades.  Based on the current production process capabilities and technical level of printed board production, they began to design and produce various printed circuit boards for missiles, radars, tanks, cars, radio stations, as well as radios, VCRs, and televisions.  The base Semiconductor Research Institute in Shenbei, Shenyang, is surrounded by many scientific research institutes of central ministries and commissions, the Chinese Academy of Sciences, and various branches of the People's Liberation Army.  Many cutting-edge scientific and technological engineering projects from all walks of life have been transferred to this area, which has enabled this area to achieve unprecedented development and gradually become a gathering area for research institutes in various fields with microelectronics research and production as the center.  China's top scientific and technological talents have gathered here, and the world's earliest "Silicon Valley" has been established, which represents the most advanced Blue Sky Technology City of this era.  It has become the motive for the technological take-off of the entire China. This heavily guarded mysterious area covering an area of ??one square kilometer has become the most coveted holy land for scientists around the world.  In order to cultivate more scientific and technological personnel, Deng Feng, on behalf of the base party committee, proposed to the central government "Some Opinions on Strengthening Education and Research in the Field of Natural Sciences and Maintaining China's Rapid and Sustainable Development." In this opinion letter, which is tens of thousands of words long,  ,came up with.  The three-combination policy is to combine education with scientific research, combine education with production, and combine cutting-edge education with basic education.  The supreme minister gave important instructions on this: This is a very good opinion!  Efforts to change our country¡¯s economicThe backwardness in science and technology has quickly reached the advanced level in the world, and this advancement has been maintained.  We must cultivate a sufficient number of outstanding scientific and technical experts.  And it was decided to build a university, China Blue Sky University of Science and Technology, three kilometers west of Blue Sky Science City. This university will gather the best students in the country and absorb outstanding teachers from all over the country.  Experts in various aspects of the base are visiting professors at the university.  The most advanced professional knowledge in various fields is taught to students and teachers, and the experts at the base have become the most popular visiting professors and graduate tutors in the university.  Schools, scientific research institutes and production units are organically combined to maximize the use of limited human resources and information resources.  Di Feng, commander of the base and honorary president of China Blue Sky University of Science and Technology, pointed out at the staff meeting of China Blue Sky University of Science and Technology at the beginning of the semester: Blue Sky University of Science and Technology is a place to train the most cutting-edge scientific and technological personnel for China. Don¡¯t take students¡¯ scores too seriously.  , We should focus our energy on cultivating students' ability to analyze and solve problems, and do not cultivate high-scoring, low-energy waste products.  Human production activity is the most basic practical activity and is what determines all other activities.  All knowledge cannot be obtained without production activities.  Therefore, both teachers and students must participate in scientific research and production activities.  Then he said about some shortcomings of education for later generations: "Everyone must continue to learn and constantly improve our own abilities. We are role models, we only have so much ability, don't pretend to scare people. I wrote a big thick book, nonsense  Continuous articles, deliberately confusing, and complicating apparently simple questions; must use foreign words to explain things that can be clearly explained in Chinese, which will increase the burden on students and make learning useless. In addition, do not use exam methods to deal with students and suddenly attack them.  , ask deviant questions, ask weird questions, and show that you are capable and knowledgeable. Such teachers are not needed in Lanzhou University. The final exam scores can only be used to evaluate the students' strengths and weaknesses. Are there any mistakes in daily homework and participation in scientific research and production papers?  Opinion. Teaching activities should be more lively, not too rigid. "
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