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Text Chapter 182 China-Myanmar Border Issue

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    In accordance with the results of the referendum on the ownership of the seven northeastern states of India and United Nations Resolution 137oa, the Chinese government accepted the request of the seven northeastern states of India to join the People's Republic of China. After discussion and decision at the special session of the National People's Congress, the decision was approved.  A region applied to join the People's Republic of China, and from June 16, 1956, the region was officially included in the territory of the People's Republic of China.  The Shannan Special Administrative Region of the People's Republic of China was established in this area. All ethnic groups in the entire Special Administrative Region enjoy equal rights like the other 56 ethnic groups in China.  The Central People¡¯s Government stated that it will vigorously support the development of Shannan Special Economic Zone and give priority to the economic and cultural development of Shannan Special Economic Zone.  It was also decided to exempt the Shannan Special Administrative Region from the task of submitting tax revenue to the central finance for 10 years.  ¡¾¡¿ The base party committee has long planned the large-scale economic construction of Shannan Special Economic Zone.  This plan was submitted to Premier Zhou Enlai as early as 1953 by Li Dawei on behalf of the base party committee.  This plan has been fully demonstrated by the State Council and relevant ministries and commissions and is considered feasible. Therefore, after the establishment of Shannan Special Economic Zone, this plan was implemented immediately.  Some enterprises directly under the Central Government and various provinces and cities took the lead in entering this area to provide counterpart support to Shannan Special Economic Zone.  In short, all the pieces have been put together, and a high-level government has been established to build the Shannan Special Economic Zone.  The outstanding First Mechanical Engineer Division of the Chinese People's Liberation Army built the 1,937-kilometer Qinghai-Tibet Highway from Xining City, Qinghai Province to Lhasa City, ** in August 1952. It then moved to Ali and Xinjiang, ** to complete the Tibet-Xinjiang Highway.  For the construction of highways, when the war against India started, this particularly capable mechanical engineering division cooperated with the counterattack troops and fought thousands of miles, clearing roads through mountains and building bridges when encountering water. Now they have begun the more difficult road in Tibet Mountain (Lhasa-Shannan Special Zone).  ) the construction of this strategic highway.  It took only two months to build a simple road of nearly 200 kilometers from Natso County to Tezpur.  One after another, construction armies passed through South Korea, passed the Brahmaputra River, and marched towards Shannan Special Economic Zone through Chittagong Port in East Pakistan. All parts of Shannan Special Economic Zone, especially on both sides of the Brahmaputra River in Shannan Special Economic Zone, (the original Brahmaputra River was called the Brahmaputra River after it entered India.  Has been abolished (collectively known as the Brahmaputra River) to set up camp.  Since then, it has become the largest immigration area in China, gathering immigrants from all over the country. The cultures of Shannan Special Zone from all over China have blended. The hybridization of various cultures will inevitably produce a new and most dynamic immigrant culture. This immigrant culture is the most  Energetic and creative.  " " Deng Feng called the supreme minister and suggested that the central government organize and mobilize the population of those rocky desertification areas in Guizhou and the areas with severe soil erosion in Shaanxi and Gansu from now on to evacuate a large number of people to Shannan Special Economic Zone in a planned way, so as to change the proportion of ethnic groups in Shannan Special Economic Zone.  To Chineseize this area, we should encourage intermarriage with local indigenous people.  At the same time, the rocky desertification areas in Guizhou and areas with severe soil erosion in Shaanxi and Gansu will be closed for forestation to restore the ecological vegetation there, reduce soil erosion on the Loess Plateau, and make the water of the Yellow River clear.  The Supreme Minister certainly has a far-sighted understanding of the strategic significance of this special zone established in the Indian Ocean region. He has given full support to Deng Feng, the top leader of the special zone, and has naturally given all-round guidance and vigorous efforts to the construction of all aspects of the Shannan Special Economic Zone.  support.  Facing this new territory where Deng Feng can make all the difference, Chen Jing will certainly not let it go. She personally leads the elite soldiers of Blue Sky Farm to seize this huge market.  Part of the modern agriculture demonstration area in Shenyang was moved directly to this part, and large-scale chicken farms, dairy farms, pig farms, feed mills, and large-scale modern farms were built.  At the same time, modern agricultural techniques are taught to inland immigrants and local indigenous people.  Help them establish a batch of vegetable, meat, and egg food bases.  Let them take root as soon as possible and become rich.  Because this is a socialist country, it is absolutely allowed to allow some people who got rich first to oppress and exploit those who have not.  Timber processing plants began to thin the original deep forests here, and shipped the initially processed wood to various parts of the motherland; oil drilling teams and steel companies moved into Digboy and Dibrugarh Namrup to form a team.  industrial area.  Some labor-intensive garment processing industries and toy manufacturing industries have entered the Shannan Special Economic Zone to increase employment for local indigenous people.  The higher education here is better than that in other parts of China. Groups of highly educated people are assigned to the mainland of the motherland to transform their cultural genes.  One runs from Dumduma Town in the northeast to Chittagong in East Pakistan in the southwest, and runs through the Northeast to Southwest Highway of the Special Administrative Region; and one runs from Siliguri County in the west, along the Brahmaputra River across the east and west, to the Dumduma Town High-level Highway  Highways, these two high highways that resemble an overturned V shape, connect the Shannan Special Economic Zone like a flying pigeon.  Two large airports were built in Mizo City (formerly Mizoram) in the southern part of Shannan Special Zone and Guwa City (formerly Guwahati City) in the northern part of the special zone.  The Brahmaputra Hydropower Station, the world¡¯s largest hydropower station, is under construction and is about to enter the main construction stage.  China can finally build a dam on the upper reaches of the Brahmaputra River and no longer has to worry about theThe world was so worried about India's dissatisfaction that they dared not build it.  There is no need to bother the spokesperson of the Chinese Ministry of Foreign Affairs to tell India that "China is a responsible country and will not do anything that harms the interests of neighboring countries." Those bullshit.  With modern factories, high-rise buildings rising from the ground, and dazzling commercial streets, the Shannan Special Economic Zone has established a good image for China in South Asia and the Indian Ocean region.  Both immigrants and indigenous people in Shannan are proud to be members of Shannan Special Economic Zone in China.  When China's Shannan Special Economic Zone was established, leaders from some neighboring countries and regions came to participate in the establishment celebration. Deng Feng spoke to the leaders of Nepal, Sikkim, Bhutan, Pakistan, the People's Republic of South Asia and Myanmar who came to the celebration.  on border issues.  China¡¯s package solution was proposed, and most countries expressed their acceptance of China¡¯s solution.  In the early days of the founding of New China, there were many border issues left over from history with neighboring countries.  In some cases, the borders between the same countries have never been officially demarcated. In other cases, part of the borders between the same countries were delimited before liberation, but part of the borders are still undelimited.  Even where borders have been drawn, there are issues that need to be addressed.  After the founding of the People's Republic of China, Premier Zhou Enlai devoted a lot of effort to personally resolve the border issues left over from history in order to build peace with its neighbors.  In order to create a peaceful and stable surrounding environment for New China and carry out national construction, we have to make sacrifices.  But with the arrival of the base in this era, everything has changed.  Through the War of Liberation in Taiwan during the War to Resist U.S. Aggression and Aid Korea, the base party committee¡¯s principle for China¡¯s core interests was that no matter who it was, it would not give up an inch of territory on territorial issues, undecided formal demarcations, and unreasonable overturning of previous demarcations; impositions by imperialist powers.  All unequal treaties given to us must be overturned.  For this reason, Deng Feng, Li Dawei and others have talked with the main responsible comrades of the central government many times.  The opinions of Deng Feng and Li Dawei received unswerving encouragement and support from the Supreme Commander.  After the founding meeting of the Shannan Special Administrative Region, Deng Feng was the last to meet with Myanmar Prime Minister U Ba Rui who came to congratulate the establishment of the Shannan Special Administrative Region in the Scottish-style ancient castle in the eastern suburbs of Shillong City, Meghala Province. ? Myanmar Prime Minister U Ba Rui once again expressed his heartfelt congratulations on the establishment of the Shannan Special Administrative Region of China.  Deng Feng, as the top leader of the party, government and military in the Special Administrative Region, expressed his gratitude to Myanmar Prime Minister U Ba Rui for coming to attend the founding meeting of Shannan Special Economic Zone in China despite his busy schedule.  After the two sides exchanged a few pleasantries, they entered into the formal topic.  Deng Feng said straight to the point: "I am a soldier and I don't know much about diplomatic rhetoric. I would like to take advantage of your coming to the Shannan Special Administrative Region to attend the celebration meeting to exchange views with you on the border issue between China and Myanmar. China and some neighboring countries have  There are many historical reasons for the undecided border issue. First, it is caused by the long-term aggression of imperialism. The China-Myanmar border issue is a legacy of British imperialism. Neither the Chinese and Myanmar governments are directly responsible for this.  If the controversial boundary issues cannot be resolved well, we will not be able to focus on economic construction. Mr. Prime Minister, you also know that China has always advocated reasonable settlement of these issues through negotiation based on the Five Principles of Peaceful Coexistence.  Sometimes all problems cannot be solved through negotiation, so what should we do? Then we can only solve it in a way like India. This is a way that none of us are willing to do, but we have to take it. " "Director Deng.  , First I have a question, are you talking to me on behalf of the local government of Shannan Special Administrative Region or the Chinese government about the border issue between our two countries?" Myanmar Prime Minister U Ba Rui asked full of doubts.  "Mr. Prime Minister, this is a common sense question. Do local governments have the right to discuss boundary issues?" Deng Feng asked, "I am talking to you about this issue as a plenipotentiary representative of the Chinese government."  "Then Deng Feng said very seriously: "After the British ruled Myanmar in 1885, in order to expand its colonial territory, it created many disputes on the Sino-Myanmar border issue and took the opportunity to invade and occupy Chinese territory; at the same time, the border issue also seriously affected China and Myanmar.  national sentiments between the two peoples.  So I hope that both of us can adopt a realistic attitude and resolve the border issue fairly and reasonably through friendly consultations.  ¡± Burmese Prime Minister U Ba Rui looked at the Chinese who tore India into three parts in one week and said: ¡°Now China is a powerful country, and Myanmar is a weak country with weak people.  We hope that you, China, can come up with a plan that satisfies both of us.  " Deng Feng said that the border issue is based on the principle of equality between both sides. It has nothing to do with the size of the country. Whoever owns it belongs to you. You can't take more points because you are small, and you can't give more points to the smaller ones just because I am big.  "Since you said let us come up with a plan that satisfies both of us, let me talk about a rough plan first." Deng Feng paused and said, "The China-Myanmar border is more than 2,000 kilometers long, and there are three undecided sections.  There are problems in the world??The first section is the section in Wawa Mountain Area.  The British sent troops to attack the Banhong and Banlao areas in 1934, but encountered resistance from the local Wa people.  In 1941, the British took advantage of the most difficult period of China's Anti-Japanese War and used the closure of the Burma Highway as a means to put pressure on the Kuomintang government. On June 18, 1941, the British and the Kuomintang government delimited a one-sided road in the Wawa Mountains in an exchange of letters.  Favorable boundaries, adding a piece of land in the jurisdiction of Banhun and Banlao to British territory.  This is the so-called "1941 Line".  After Myanmar's independence, you inherited this agreement and included the land in Banhong and Banlao areas into Myanmar's Shan State.  The '1941 Line' was an unfair treaty signed by British imperialism using extremely immoral means and taking advantage of people's danger.  Myanmar Prime Minister U Ba Rui said: "I fully understand the dissatisfaction of your government and people towards the 1941 line, but given that this boundary has been demarcated through the exchange of letters between the Kuomintang government and the British government, which represented the Chinese state power at that time, I request  Your government recognizes it and requests your government to withdraw its troops from the area west of the 1941 line. "Deng Feng thought of the boundary treaty signed between China and Myanmar in 1960, and China aggrievedly gave up its sovereignty in the area.  He immediately said with righteous indignation: "No! The 1941 Line must be abolished. That was imposed on the Chinese people by the British bastards in a situation where the people of China and Myanmar could not make the decision." "No matter how you say the '1941 Line'  That is a border treaty that has been signed." Wu Barui said calmly, "If your government denies the 1941 line, it will have to amend the treaty or abort it again. Can I understand that all demarcation lines in the past have been abandoned?  "Can all international treaties be changed?" Deng Feng nodded and said, "Your understanding is correct. As long as it is unequal, no matter who signed it, it will be imposed on the Chinese people.  "Mr. Director, you just said that regarding border issues, China has always advocated a fair and reasonable settlement of border issues through friendly consultations based on the Five Principles of Peaceful Coexistence. This and what you just said must be repeated. Are they mutually exclusive?  What about the contradiction? " "There is no contradiction at all. The premise for resolving the boundary issue through friendly consultation is fairness and reasonableness. If this premise is lost, the basis for friendly consultation will be lost. Therefore, the unfair and unreasonable treaty must be renewed. "  The Prime Minister remained silent and looked at this arrogant soldier in his heart.  "Okay, let me make it clear today, lay out the problem clearly, and express our country's attitude. Negotiation is a means to solve the problem, and adopting a method like India's is also one of the means to solve the problem. In short, the border issue must be solved  Yes. You guys go back and figure it out."(
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