Add Bookmark | Recommend this book | Back to the book page | My bookshelf | Mobile Reading

Free Web Novel,Novel online - All in oicq.net -> Historic -> Taiping blood

Volume 1: Fierce Battle in Changsha Chapter 322: Clan Power

Previous page        Return to Catalog        Next page

    After Xiao Yungui finished speaking, Hong Yun'er was silent for a long time. After a while, she said: "Yes, the current social situation in junior high schools is beyond our imagination. It is customary for our descendants to be connected by blood relations and marriage relations.  People are called kin. However, what is prevalent in the country today is the feudal clan system based on blood relations. This kind of clan organization with patrilineal patriarchy as its core and characterized by blood and hierarchical ethical relationships plays an important role in the country's economy, politics, and culture.  In such activities, it plays an extremely important role in regulating social relations and promoting the harmonious operation of society. Clan organizations unite clan members with the same surname by uniting clans to maintain and satisfy the common demands of members of the same clan in all aspects such as production, life and even religion.  , and then regulate and stabilize social relations within the clan community, and maintain and promote the harmonious operation within the clan community, among clans, and even the entire country. Self-management within the clan is the so-called autonomy. Each clan coordinates community affairs, even involving the country.  affairs, and the government gives clans the power to participate in judicial affairs, set their own clan rules and resolve some civil disputes, and supports clans¡¯ requests to maintain local public order and mutual aid and school running that are conducive to local social stability.¡±

    At this point, Xiao Yungui sighed softly and said: "Yes, it's all the fault of the perverted Manchu court. This court was a court where a few ruled over the majority. In order to stabilize its rule, the Manchu vigorously promoted clan governance and decentralized local power to clans.  In the hands of the clan, the power of the clan is so great that it can decide life and death, and can negotiate tax rates with the government. There is even a saying in the Manchu Qing Dynasty that when government orders are issued to the county, they will not be followed."

    Hong Yun'er continued: "Yes, in order to stabilize the rule and promote the stability of social order, the Manchu Qing Dynasty first tilted its policies. In the ninth year of Shunzhi, the "Six Edicts and Inscriptions" were formulated, and in the ninth year of Kangxi, the Sixteenth Article was formulated  The Holy Edict replaced the original six edicts. In the second year of Yongzheng's reign, a special explanation was given to the sixteen articles of the Holy Edict. It was designated as "Holy Edict Guangxun". The second article said that the Du clan used Zhao Yongmu as an edict issued to all people.  , for the first time, the clause that clans should be harmonious was added. In addition to using enslaving Confucianism to stabilize scholars, the Manchus also used filial piety and brotherhood, the fundamental human ethics of clan order, to stabilize the people! The Manchu emperors knew that only the people and clans could establish  Only through harmonious relations can the order of the dynasty be maintained."

    Hong Yun'er paused and continued: "The clan itself has clan laws and rules for arbitrating disputes within the clan, which maintains the harmony within the clan. A major feature of clan organizations that live together is that they can serve as controls in rural society.  This feature of the system is still present even in later generations. The clan members are led by the clan leader or clan leader. They have the power to preside over clan sacrifices, take charge of the daily life of the clan, and arbitrate disputes among the clan. If the people have disputes, they must first go to the clan leader of the clan.  , the head of the house and the village chief, and the virtuous ones of the village. During the Yongzheng period, the clan leader was ordered to trial the clan system as an intermediary in the relationship between the government and the clan, and the clan leader was granted quasi-official status. In the fourth year of Yongzheng's reign, the clan was reunited and  The Qing government specially stipulates that in the villages where the clans are powerful, there is a large village called Baozi, where there are more than a hundred clansmen. Baojia cannot check all of them. The most respected members of the clan are selected and appointed as clan leaders. If there are bandits, they are ordered to report them.  Favoritism should be tolerated, and crimes should be punished according to Baojia."

    Xiao Yungui chuckled and said: "The Manchu Qing Dynasty also granted clan leaders the right to inherit, educate, economic discipline, public security, and the right to live and kill clan members. As a result, clan laws and regulations were often resolved before the government.  Conflicts within the clan. This gave an organization between the people and the government. It is undeniable that the clan system really solved a lot of troubles for the Manchus."

    Hong Yun'er held her arms with one hand and sighed: "The biggest resistance that clan brings to our New Deal is economic. The economic foundation of clan plays a huge role in relieving clan members and maintaining clan relations. Before the Ming and Qing Dynasties, most of the industries were privately owned by small farmers. After that,  Gradually concentrated into public property or clan property, the economic function of the family organization is increasingly strengthened. It gradually evolves into an economic entity with the purpose of profit. This promotes the extensive development of the family system. The joint investment of clan members in a certain undertaking has intensified the exchanges between them.  , the common interest basis makes the relationship between them closer. Clan land is the basis of clan economic activities in Jiangnan. Clan landowners mobilize the power of the entire clan in the name of clan land being public property and not inviolable, and try their best to maintain the clan's right to clan  Ownership of the land. Under the banner of public ownership of clan land, clan members generally protect it as the public property of the clan, which strengthens the clan's sense of identity. Since Jiaqing, the poor class under the Manchu Qing Dynasty has continued to expand, and the Qing government's relief capabilities  However, it went from bad to worse, and the focus of the Qing government's relief policy had to shift from direct relief to persuading people to donate. Just like since the Taiping Heavenly Kingdom launched its army, the Jiangnan clans responded to the call of the Qing government and their own gentry, actively donated money and food, and even formed a group to train themselves.  Damn, it¡¯s really a headache.¡±

    When Xidian established the system of township officials and township soldiers in Sufu Province, the township officials and township soldiers appointed by Xidian were all spontaneously elected by the local people.  At this time, who will the people elect to serve as township officials and soldiers?  In this country where more than 90% of people are illiterate, the people elected by the people must be highly respected people in the countryside.  These people are often the clan leaders.

    After the Taiping Heavenly Kingdom occupied Sufu Province, it was becauseXidian's promotion of doctrine and various policies were relatively peaceful, and had little real impact on the clan forces in the countryside. clan forces that dared to resist were mercilessly eliminated by the Taiping Army.  However, most clan forces did not directly resist the Taiping Army. These clan forces wisely chose to remain silent to protect themselves.

    Later, when the township officials and soldiers were selected, these clan forces did not have much opposition. After all, the township officials were elected by the common people, and the township officials must still be the heads of the clans. Even the twenty-five households were divided into two Sima.  , from the perspective of the clan forces, this is similar to the previous Li Zheng system, so there are no conflicts.  As for the establishment of rural soldiers, it would be better. Among the clan forces, there is a rural warrior group composed of their own children. They are also used to protect the village on weekdays, and everyone in the clan welcomes them.

    But as the West Palace began to carry out the New Deal, and a series of land systems, justice, finance and taxation, and laws began to be issued, the clan forces began to resist the New Deal.  The Su-Fu equalization system was the first system to have a huge impact on clan land. Clan power often had public fields and clan fields. These fields were almost collectively owned, and the essence of the equalization system lay in the word equalization.  The clan chiefs and clan leaders, who control most of the clan's fields, are naturally unwilling to give out most of the fields they finally conquered to some of the clan's side relatives.  The equal land system stipulates that if a clan shares land, the land should be divided equally among the families in the clan.  As a result, conflicts arose, and lawsuits among rural clans over the property belonging to different clans sprung up like mushrooms after a spring rain.

    At the same time, many laws in the West Palace were formulated in the direction of industrial and commercial economic development, which was very different from the self-protection economic model of clan forces. Xiao Yungui's original intention was to support industry and commerce to break the small peasant economy in the countryside and break this  Self-sufficient economic model.  Only by converting the agricultural population that cannot be accommodated by the land into an industrial and commercial population, converting agricultural capital into industrial and commercial capital, and transforming the small farmer handicraft commodity economy into an industrial commodity economy can Su Fu Province be on the road to prosperity.

    However, Xiao Yungui and Hong Yun'er both ignored the resistance of the clan forces. After the promulgation of the New Deal, many places still acted according to the original clan laws. What caused a great headache for the officials in the West Palace was that no matter how they promoted the benefits of the New Deal, they  In one sentence, this is the law set by our ancestors!

    After Xiao Yungui thought for a moment, he touched his chin and said: "It seems that we still can't stick to it all the way. Being too eager for success will be counterproductive. We still can't shake the foundation of the clan power for the time being. We can only start with some factories jointly run by the government and businessmen."  Once established, we will use advanced production machines and cheap commodities to impact the small-scale peasant economy in the countryside. At the same time, we will open more schools and literacy night schools to further open up the people's wisdom. Only then will people gradually transform their clans into kinships. Mutual help and mutual support within a kinship is the key to people's  There is nothing wrong with it because of blood relations, but the clan cannot override the laws of the country."

    Hong Yun'er nodded and said: "Now is the time when we still need to rely on clan power. The township officials you will meet tomorrow will definitely petition you on some sensitive issues. How do you plan to deal with them?"

    Xiao Yungui frowned and said: "I don't have any good ideas at the moment. Do I have to agree to them acting in accordance with the original clan laws and regulations?"

    Hong Yun'er shook her head and said: "No, the New Deal Laws have only been issued for a few months. It is the time for us to establish the credibility of the West Palace's laws. It is not good to change the laws overnight."

    Xiao Yungui scratched his head and said, "What should we do? We have to rely on other people's power, but we can't compromise and implement the original decree. This is really difficult."

    Hong Yun'er smiled slightly and said, "Why don't you go to the left prime minister to discuss it?"

    Xiao Yungui slapped his head and said: "The left prime minister has been busy working on the New Deal these days, and I am also busy reorganizing the army. It is true that I haven't met him for a long time."

    Hong Yun'er smiled and said: "I guess the left prime minister has already made plans. Do you think he will be in charge of the New Deal and can't hear or see these problems?"

    Xiao Yungui walked around for a few steps: "Okay, I'm going to find Zuo Zongtang right now. I'm also going to ask him why he, the leader of the New Deal, wants to throw these problems at me." After saying that, Xiao Yungui turned around.  After leaving the study, he rushed to Zuo Zongtang's mansion with a few personal guards.

    Zuo Zongtang's residence is not far from the West Prince's Mansion. Xiao Yungui was very unscrupulous in squeezing Zuo Zongtang's residual value. Therefore, when allocating a residence to Zuo Zongtang, he chose to build it not far from the West Prince's Mansion.  A mansion, this place is also part of the Humble Administrator's Garden, so it is far away from the West Palace.  Xiao Yungui just hoped that Zuo Zongtang would live closer to the West Prince's Mansion so that he would not have to run far even if he came home from get off work.

    When they arrived at the door of Prime Minister Zuo Zongtang's Mansion, he saw Zuo Zongtang waiting at the door. Zuo Zongtang, who was far away, smiled and cupped his hands and said: "King Xi, my subordinates have been waiting for you for a long time." (To be continued, please search Gone with the Wind.  Astronomy and novels are better and updated faster!
Didn't finish reading? Add this book to your favoritesI'm a member and bookmarked this chapterCopy the address of this book and recommend it to your friends for pointsChapter error? Click here to report