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Volume Three Far East Stories Chapter 242 Outlook and Present

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    Update time: 2012-09-21

    Land is the greatest yearning for farmers in any country. The vast and sparsely populated Northern Federal Autonomous Region of China, together with the equally vast and sparsely populated Outer Mongolia, Suiyuan, Chahar, Rehe, Jilin and Heilongjiang, will become China's new land law in the future.  the first beneficiary.

    Compared with the "Land Decree" in Soviet Russia, in which all power was vested in the Soviet Union, and all land and house assets of landlords and rich peasants were nationalized and distributed to farmers for farming, the "Interim Regulations on Land Management" piloted by Wang Geng in the north are reformist.  A new attempt.

    Of course, the landowners and rich farmers are not willing to do so. Why should the land they have accumulated over generations suddenly exceed 40 acres per capita be redeemed by the state?  Is it okay not to sell it?

    In this regard, the former Russian landowners and rich peasants in the newly recovered and established Northern Federal Autonomous Region of China have no choice at all. They choose to become Chinese nationals, become Chinese citizens, and continue to own their own land and land in Siberia.  Assets are the choice of the vast majority of local Russian landowners and rich farmers.

    If you don¡¯t join China, you have to retain your Russian nationality and become an expatriate. According to the management regulations of the Northern Federal Autonomous Region of China, foreign expatriates are prohibited from owning land in China because China is not a Russian colony. The land of the Chinese people, except for the concessions, is  In addition, it is not open to foreign investors, at least the cultivated land is absolutely not open to the public.

    There is no reason. You can choose to go back to Soviet Russia, which was implementing the wartime system of all harvests being returned to the public and surplus grain collection. Of course, if you return to Soviet Russia, you will not be able to own your own land, because the Soviet Union¡¯s land decree declares  All land will be confiscated and distributed to landless farmers for cultivation.

    As for Heilongjiang, Jilin, Chahar, Jehol, Suiyuan, and Outer Mongolia, they were originally vast and sparsely populated places that were in urgent need of development. Therefore, although some landlords and rich peasants resisted the "Interim Regulations on Land Management", they were still under the control of the participating armies.  In the face of the glorious achievements and iron-blooded wrists, all resistance seems so fragile and pale.

    News and public opinion overwhelmingly supported the "Interim Regulations on Land Management" piloted by the central government in the north. The land of landlords, rich peasants and property owners was redeemed by the state with the Northern Development Bonds issued in the seven years of the Republic of China, instead of being directly confiscated and plundered.  From the perspective of protecting private property, easing land annexation and preventing the spread and development of Soviet-style doctrine in China, the "Interim Regulations on Land Management" promulgated by the Chinese government appear to be quite wise and timely.

    This is a real plan for a rainy day. Of course, the country's financial burden will increase, but the social conflicts in the entire northern countryside will be greatly eased, and farmers who lease land from the government can enjoy the maximum benefits under the protection of the "375 Rent Reduction Regulations"  Improved income and living standards.

    Not to mention the introduction of the preferential policy of exempting land tax for three years in the entire Northern Federal Autonomous Region, which not only allowed the vast majority of the former Russian residents in this land to choose to stay and become Chinese nationals, but also allowed the vast number of landless farmers in the mainland to  , poor peasants and laborers in provinces that have not yet implemented the "375 Rent Reduction Regulations" chose to go north to reclaim wasteland and immigrate.

    And with the spring sowing in the north coming soon, the whole wave of immigrants is heading north in order to seize time, and the whole of China is immersed in a happy and busy atmosphere.

    In the "Defend 18 Recover Homeland" military operation, the Chinese participating army dispatched a total of four divisions. In two weeks of fighting, they advanced along the railway line and annihilated nearly 30,000 Russian troops, including nearly 8,000 killed and injured.  , nearly 20,000 people were captured, 198 Maxim machine guns, 346 artillery pieces of various types, and nearly 15,000 rifles of various types were seized.

    The casualties of the participating armies were around 3,000, including 895 killed and 2,200 injured. All the fallen soldiers were posthumously deemed martyrs, and their families received a one-time pension of 2,000 yuan. In addition, the most important thing is that the families of the martyrs also received  After obtaining 20-year land ownership of 40 acres of state-owned land in the Northern Federal Autonomous Region, the parents, children and spouses of the martyrs will also receive a monthly support allowance of 20 yuan.

    In all towns in China¡¯s Northern Federal Autonomous Region, monuments to the fallen soldiers of the Model Army and martyrs¡¯ cemeteries have been erected. Now that China has taken back these lands, it will never give them up again!

    In addition to Chinese becoming the official language of the Northern Federal Autonomous Region, Russian has also become the second official language. All notices, documents, etc. are available in Chinese and Russian versions. Local schools teach both Chinese and Russian. In the words of Wang Geng  He said that there was absolutely no discrimination against the local majority ethnic group. In March 1918, Russian residents in the Far East and Siberia accounted for more than 90% of the local population.

    In this new land, China's Northern Federal Autonomous Region has four levels of power: villages, towns, counties and cities, and autonomous regions. It will gradually implement universal suffrage within three years. Village committees, town councils, county and city councils, and autonomous region councils will be elected before the end of the year.  Prior to this, civil servants in the four-level regime adopted a parallel system of appointment and recommendation.measures.

    The population of the entire Northern Federal Autonomous Region at the end of March 1918 was 1.5 million, which was only equivalent to the population of Beijing at that time. This objectively created conditions for the Chinese government to try out new administrative divisions and institutional management methods.

    In the first draft of the constitution revised by the Constitution Drafting Committee chaired by Xu Shuzheng, China will choose to transform into a federal country like the United States, rather than a fully centralized country. Each province and autonomous region will receive great autonomy and legislation.  Power, only national defense, foreign affairs, and military are controlled by the central government, while provinces and autonomous regions obtain sufficient autonomy and legislative power in accordance with the framework of the constitution.

    Of course, basic national laws such as land law, resource law, military service law, criminal law, etc. are still created and revised by the central government-level parliament. Of course, everything is still under discussion, and various factions have lost military power.  After gaining the opportunity to compete with the central-level participating armies, they will try their best to seek status and development space for their factions and doctrines in parliamentary politics.

    As for whether it should be a presidential system like the United States or a cabinet system like the United Kingdom and France, it has not yet been decided. The debate among various factions is very fierce. The presidential system can relatively maintain stability during the term of each government, but it inevitably requires a strong  With strong leaders at the helm, the cabinet system makes it easier to promote democracy and avoid dictatorship.

    In the New Beiyang after the reunification of Anhui, Anhui and Fengcheng, if you choose to continue to maintain the current cabinet government system, then the mainstream trend is for Duan Qirui to serve as the president, Feng Guozhang as the vice president, and Xu Shuzheng as the cabinet prime minister. After this great  After half a year of hard work, and with the actual support of Duan Qirui and Wang Geng, the Anfu faction headed by Duan Qirui and assisted by Xu Shuzheng has become the party most likely to win a majority in the next parliamentary election.

    As for Wang Geng, the hot-red and purple commander-in-chief of China's participating armies, he has been touted as the best military commander of the contemporary era together with Germany's Ludendorff. He is most likely to serve as the army chief and chief of staff, and there is no other choice.  he!  Because he is the father of the Model Army that participated in the war!

    Cao Kun can seek the position of Speaker of the Senate. Many of the governors who have retired and no longer lead troops have the opportunity to become senators representing various provinces. The Speaker of the House of Representatives, after Wang Geng persuaded Duan Qirui and Xu Shuzheng, will not be elected.  Unexpected words will be left to the Southern Party members. In Wang Geng¡¯s words, China still needs a different voice. The existence of opposition parties is an inevitable social reality. We can only face up to, guide, unite them, and spur ourselves.

    Of course, if a presidential system similar to that in the United States is finally chosen, Duan Qirui will be the only candidate for president, while Feng Guozhang will become the Senate President, Cao Kun will become the Vice Speaker, and Xu Shuzheng may become a member of the presidential cabinet in addition to the Minister of War.  Any minister in the army, and Wang Geng is the Minister of the Army who does his job. In fact, this guy is qualified to serve as the Ministry of the Army.  The role of either Minister of Finance or Foreign Affairs.

    Of course, it is only early April 1918, and it is too early to say all this. For China, it is necessary to seize the time to establish and consolidate the political power and control of the Northern Federal Autonomous Region, complete the naturalization of local Russian residents, and begin to implement the "Land Management"  The Interim Regulation is a top priority.

    According to estimates from the Department of Civil Affairs of the Ministry of Interior, in the next month, more than 300,000 immigrants from the mainland will move their families northward to the Northern Federal Autonomous Region of China, and more than 500,000 immigrants will move to Suiyuan,  Outer Mongolia, Chahar, Jehol, Jilin and Heilongjiang.
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