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Volume Three Far East Stories Chapter 260 Looking forward to the present day with pride

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    On April 29, 1918, China and Japan formally signed the "Sino-Japanese Treaty of Friendship, Alliance and Mutual Assistance". The treaty was signed by the foreign ministers of the two countries on behalf of the representatives, and letters were officially exchanged in Beijing. The specific contents are as follows:

    Article 1

    The contracting parties confirm that the sovereignty of the South Manchuria Railway and its affiliated areas, Kantung Prefecture (leased area of ??Luda), Jiaozhou Bay, Qingdao and Taiwan fully belong to China. From the effective date of the treaty, all Japanese troops and police will officially withdraw from the above-mentioned areas.  At the same time, the administrative power will be transferred to China, and all previous cession or lease agreements or treaties signed between Japan and the Qing Dynasty, Japan and the Republic of China related to the above-mentioned areas will be abolished.

    Article 2

    The Contracting Parties undertake that this Treaty of Alliance is not directed against any specific third party or its allies. However, once any of the Contracting Parties is invaded by any third party or a country allied with a third party and is therefore in a state of war, the other Contracting Party shall do its best to provide military assistance.  and other assistance.

    Article 3

    The two sides also announced their willingness to participate in all international activities with the purpose of ensuring world peace and security in a loyal spirit of cooperation, and to fully contribute to the rapid realization of this purpose.  The Contracting Parties pledge to mutually agree to remain consistent with the other Allied Powers during the European War and to jointly assume the responsibilities and obligations of the Allied Powers.

    Article 4

    Neither Contracting State will enter into any alliance against the other party, nor will it participate in any group or any action or measure against the other party.

    The fifth

    Based on the interests of consolidating peace and universal security, the contracting parties will consult each other on all major international issues related to the common interests of China and Japan.

    Article 6

    The Contracting Parties undertake to develop and consolidate the economic and cultural relations between China and Japan in the spirit of friendly cooperation and in accordance with the principles of equality, mutual benefit, mutual respect for national sovereignty and territorial integrity and non-interference in each other's internal affairs, and to provide each other with all possible economic  assistance and necessary economic cooperation.

    Article 7

    This treaty shall come into effect immediately upon ratification by both parties, and the instruments of ratification shall be exchanged in Beijing.

    This treaty shall be valid for ten years. If no party to the treaty expresses its willingness to abrogate it one year before its expiration, it shall be extended for five years and shall be extended in accordance with this law.

    Done in Beijing on April 29, 1918, in two copies, each written in Chinese and Japanese, and the provisions in both languages ??are equally valid.

    In addition to the formal treaty, China and Japan also signed a secret treaty of friendship and alliance. In the secret treaty, China recognized Japan's right to protect North Korea, recognized Japan's sovereignty over Sakhalin Island, and determined that it would support Japan in acquiring the West Siberian Great Plains.  Management and conservation rights.  In the secret treaty, Japan recognized that the land recovered by China and occupied by Tsarist Russia since the Treaty of Sino-Sunibchu was China's inherent territory. The two sides also agreed in the secret treaty that in the process of fulfilling the obligations of the Allied Powers to march on the Eastern Front, they would establish a coalition commander.  The Ministry provides unified command and logistical support.

    The "Sino-Japanese Treaty of Friendship and Mutual Assistance" stirred up a thousand waves with one stone and set off huge waves around the world. The headlines of newspapers in various countries the next day were news and comments about the signing of the "Sino-Japanese Treaty of Friendship and Mutual Assistance".

    Because the Allied Powers, China, the United States, Britain and France were notified in advance by China and Japan and gave their acquiescence, the official response of the governments of the United States, Britain and France was very simple or a little lonely. They were simply happy to see China and Japan join hands to contribute more to the well-being of the Asian people.  Strength, while not forgetting to point out to the national media that the China-Japan alliance emphasizes not targeting any third party or its allies, so it will not have a negative impact on the country in the future.

    In China, huge celebration parades were held in almost all cities across the country to warmly celebrate the current government's victory without a fight and the recovery of the South Manchuria Railway, Guandong Prefecture, Jiaozhou Bay, and Qingdao that were occupied by Japan.  In Taiwan, which has been away from China for 23 years, the Chinese people who occupied the above-mentioned Japanese occupation could not suppress their inner joy and almost stayed up all night to parade in the streets and squares to celebrate.

    After taking back Outer Mongolia, the Middle East Road, and the territory lost since the Treaty of Nerchinsk between China and Russia, the Duan Qirui government once again won a huge victory in diplomacy and the international political arena, and presented a generous gift to the Chinese people.  Under the propaganda of the news and entertainment controlled by Xu Shuzheng, the propaganda of Japan gradually shifted from the image of Japan as an invader in the past to praising the Japanese government for making the right choice, writing a new chapter for the friendship between the Chinese and Japanese peoples.

    Of course, the most disappointing thing is the right-wing forces in Japan. Many fanatical young soldiers and some veterans of the Sino-Japanese War went to the gates of the Imperial Palace and the Prime Minister's Office to demonstrate.  The parade organized by the Veterans Federation, waving military flags and roaring to fight to the death, was dispersed by the Japanese government.

    Of course, there are more insightful people in the news and public opinion circles in the political, financial and industrial circles., have published articles praising the Japanese government for finally making a responsible diplomatic strategic shift. For the first time, Japan has discovered or begun to admit that China has never posed a threat to Japan. The unhappiness between China and Japan is caused by those who have selfish desires.  The swollen guy had an entanglement with the Empress Dowager Cixi and Li Hongzhang when they established the Beiyang Navy and the armed parade in Japan was too exciting.

    In any case, at the turn of the spring and summer of 1918, the Chinese and Japanese governments finally made a strategic deal that seemed incredible at the time but was pragmatic and win-win for both sides. Japan gained all-round support from its largest and closest neighbor.  promise.

    At the signing ceremony, Wang Geng even whispered in the ear of the newly appointed Foreign Minister Goto Shinpei, "Once the alliance is established, China and Japan will be close partners dependent on each other. In the future, there will be no big earthquake or disaster."  The Japanese people don¡¯t have to worry about having nowhere to go in the event of a typhoon or something like that. When the time comes, we will expand our access to the sea directly from Western Siberia to the Black Sea!¡±

    On the second day after the signing of the Treaty of Friendship and Mutual Assistance between China and Japan, representatives of China, the United States, Britain, France, Japan and the Kolchak government signed the "Notice on the Abolition of the Treaty of Xinchou" in Beijing, officially announcing that the United States, Britain, France, Japan and Russia would  The government announced the abolition of the "Xin Chou Treaty" originally signed with the Manchu government, and Hong Kong's sovereignty was officially transferred to China on May 1, 1918.  Announce and declare that the sovereignty of the concessions of the above-mentioned five countries in all cities within China will be returned to China, and foreign nationals will no longer enjoy privileges!

    On the evening of April 30, 1918, the Chinese government and the Portuguese government officially announced that the sovereignty of Macao and its affiliated islands and regions would be transferred to China for recovery.

    The Chinese people were kept awake all night by the good news of the great recovery of lost territory. In fact, the establishment of the Sino-Japanese Alliance and Japan's return of all occupied Chinese territories forced the Empire, which was deeply mired in the European War, to take the initiative.  Negotiate with China on the return of Hong Kong's sovereignty, on the condition that the Chinese government promises to gradually and fully open all large and medium-sized coastal and riverside cities as foreign-related commercial ports, and on the condition that China promises to treat all countries' trade, expatriates, and businessmen equally and enjoy equal rights.  , the great powers can only wisely choose cooperation rather than confrontation.

    The United States behind China is naturally the biggest instigator and beneficiary of this policy of open door and equalization of interests. It is a wise move for Britain to choose to return Hong Kong when the Sino-Japanese alliance is irreversible. In fact, this is what Wang Geng urges to establish as soon as possible.  Part of the huge rewards brought by the Sino-Japanese alliance has already been part of this guy's planning. It's just because Zhu Erdian has stayed in China almost longer than he has in the UK, and has a very deep relationship with China. Therefore, he has a close relationship between China and Japan.  When the Shang Dynasty established an alliance, this guy got Wang Gengtou's back and started talking to his own government about returning Hong Kong.

    As for Portugal, Wang Geng is very happy to use Portugal as a sacrificial weapon to Russia, but he can¡¯t stand it because he is so well-informed. When he sees Britain, Japan and China, they lower their heads and keep smiling faces. How dare they say no?  Therefore, after less than a week of negotiations before the two went back and forth, China and Portugal finalized that Portugal would return Macau's sovereignty after Britain.

    The Sino-Japanese alliance, the envoys of the five countries declared the abolition of the Treaty of Xinchou, the British returned Hong Kong, the Portuguese returned Macau, and China gradually opened all coastal and riverside city ports as commercial ports.  After back-and-forth consultations and bargaining throughout April, the series of diplomatic activities to recover the sovereignty of all concessions in China finally bore fruitful fruits in the past two days at the end of April!

    The end of April 1918 was the most proud day for Chinese people in 100 years!
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