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Volume 3 Far East Story Chapter 639 (Part 2) The Smoke of the Past

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    Beiyang 1917639_Read the full text of Beiyang 1917 for free_Chapter 639 (Part 2) The smoke and clouds in the past come from (.)

    After the outbreak of the Sino-Japanese Sino-Japanese War of 1894, Tanaka Giichi served as the staff officer of the First Division in 1895 and formulated a mobilization system for the First Division.  The content is very detailed and the degree of completion is very high. Almost the original plan was adopted, and other divisions also borrowed it for use.  For this reason, he was recognized and entered the second department of the General Staff Headquarters to engage in intelligence.  Tian learned Russian and was very good at it.  After reporting to the second department,

    The Second Department sent him to Russia to study abroad.  Tanaka worked very hard in Russia, dragging old friends he knew to church every week, and even joined the Tsarist Russian Army to gain first-hand information on his own.  On the eve of the Russo-Japanese War, he became the army's leading Russian expert.

    At that time, Ito Hirobumi visited Russia and wanted to negotiate with Tsarist Russia to resolve the issue.  Tanaka, relying on his youth and vigour, strongly opposed negotiations with Tsarist Russia in front of Ito, which made Ito very angry.  But Ito was angry, but he still admired Tanaka's talents and recommended him to serve as a staff officer in the Manchurian Army during the Russo-Japanese War.

    It is said that I met the bearded Zhang Zuolin there, so one of the reasons why the Japanese Army Ministry finally appointed Tanaka Yiichi as the commander of the First Army was that he had a close relationship with Zhang Zuolin, the Chinese Chief of Staff of the Presidential Palace, which was helpful.  Help the Japanese army improve its status and weight in the Allied forces.

    Tanaka Giichi was already impressive when he returned to the General Staff Headquarters after fighting in the Russo-Japanese War. In addition, Tanaka was from Choshu.  The first part of the headquarters has gone.  In the Japanese Army General Staff Headquarters, one is the Operations Department and the other is the Intelligence Department.

    As soon as Tanaka Yi arrived at the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, he tinkered around and produced a paper called "Miscellaneous Thoughts", which discussed everything from national strategy and military strategy to the organization and system of the army. It was handed over to Gentaro Kodama through General Kodama.  I went to Marshal Youpeng of Shan County.  When Yamagata saw it, he thought, yes, that's good. After reporting it to Emperor Meiji, he came back and said to Tanaka, "Just come up with an imperial defense policy."

    Tanaka, who was appreciated by the father of the Japanese Army, drew up a plan with the Navy's Colonel Pyo, which stipulated that the Army should have 25 divisions in peacetime and 50 divisions in wartime, and the Navy should build the Eighth-Eight Fleet. Next,  It can be said that everything was smooth sailing for Tanaka. In 1909, Tanaka was promoted to military section chief, commander of the second brigade, and director of military affairs of the Army Province.

    During this period, this guy presided over the revision and formulation of the "Army Internal Affairs Book", "Infantry Drill Code", "Luggage Drill Code", "Army Education Order", and "Army Supplementary Order". His actions during his tenure proved his strength.  In November 1910, the Imperial Rural Soldiers Association, which he had always advocated, was established.

    The association organizes reservists who have completed their active service, which can not only reduce the country's military maintenance costs, but also widely spread the country's will among the people (reserves will also be included later).  At the beginning of its establishment, the association only targeted the army. From 1914, the navy was also added to the organization, which finally completed the organization.

    In addition, he appointed Okuma Shigenobu, who strongly criticized the expansion of warlord power into politics, as the president of the Imperial Japanese Support Association. For this reason, Okuma not only stopped criticizing the military, but also became a supporter of the military and began to communicate with Katsura Taro at the time.  Prime Minister, Masaki Terauchi approached each other.

    Afterwards, Tanaka, who served as the director of military affairs, and Uehara Yusaku, land minister, proposed the establishment of two additional divisions during the second Saionji Konomo cabinet to defend newly developed territories such as Korea and Manchuria. However, due to the fiscal austerity policy pursued by the government at that time, they did not agree.  their requirements.  Prime Minister Uehara submitted his resignation, but the Army refused to propose a candidate for the successor Prime Minister, and the cabinet had to resign.  This incident became the trigger for the first constitutional movement.

    At the end of 1913, Tanaka Giichi went to Europe and the United States for inspection. After returning to China, he founded the Youth League organization in an attempt to use government-run organizations to deal with the ideological confusion between the domestic government and the opposition after the start of the European War.  Since this organization is for those who have graduated from elementary school and are drafted into the military, it plays the same role as the local military association in spreading the will of the country to the people.

    In August 1915, as the mastermind behind the scenes, Major General Tanaka Giichi, the Deputy Chief of Staff, planned to propose the infamous Twenty-One Points to Yuan Shikai. Of course, this matter ended without any resolution. Yuan Shikai had no idea about the fifth of the Twenty-One Points.  They did not dare to agree. Of course, it was also an important factor that the great powers did not allow Japan to dominate China. Therefore, the Yuan Shikai government and the Japanese government later concocted a Fourth Civil Treaty.

    It turns out that these twenty-one points are divided into five numbers: the first number demands the inheritance and expansion of all German rights in Shandong; the second number demands the expansion of various rights in southern Manchuria and Eastern Mongolia; the third number attempts to control Han Yeping  Company; No. 4 requires that China's coastal harbors and islands shall not be leased or transferred to other countries; No. 5 requires the Chinese central government to hire powerful Japanese consultants, etc.

    At that time, the Japanese Minister Hioki asked Yuan Shikai to accept these conditions and keep them strictly confidential.  Yuan Shikai decided to negotiate with Japan and settle the matter at the lowest cost.case.  Beginning on February 2, 1915, Foreign Minister-General Lu Zhengxiang, Deputy Minister Cao Rulin, and others began secret negotiations with Hioki Masuo, Counselor of the Japanese Legation Obata Yukichi, and others.

    Later, China deliberately and gradually leaked the contents of the negotiations.  During the negotiations, Chinese representatives resisted Japan's demands.  Japan continues to use diplomatic blackmail, force and intimidation to coerce.  On April 26, the Japanese representative proposed the "final amendment" and made some minor concessions.  At that time, the domestic opposition to the "Twenty-One Measures" was rising day by day, and the broad masses of the people were indignant.

    On May 1, China proposed an amendment and still insisted on its position.  The Japanese government deleted request No. 5 and issued an ultimatum to the Chinese government on May 7, with a deadline of 6 pm on the 9th to respond.  The Yuan Shikai government finally compromised and accepted the conditions proposed by Japan, and formally signed the "Four Civil Treaties" with Japan on the 25th.

    The "Four Civil Treaties" consist of the "Treaty Concerning Southern Manchuria and Eastern Inner Mongolia", the "Treaty Concerning Shandong" and thirteen additional exchanges of notes.  The main contents of these treaties and exchanges of letters include: 1. In Shandong, Japan not only inherited all the rights and interests of Germany, but also obtained the Chinese government's promise that neither the mainland of Shandong nor its coastal islands would be leased to foreign countries.

    2. In Southern Manchuria, Japan obtained the rights to extend the leased land and railways, and its subjects to live, travel and operate agriculture, industry and commerce, and lease land as they pleased.  3. In Eastern Mongolia, Japan obtained the rights of its subjects to jointly establish agriculture and ancillary industries with the Chinese.  4. Han Yeping Company can agree to jointly establish it with Japanese capitalists, and China will not confiscate, nationalize the company, or let it borrow foreign capital from outside Japan.  5. In Fujian, the Chinese government promised not to allow foreign countries to set up shipyards, military coal storage facilities or naval bases along the coast, nor to borrow foreign capital to build them themselves.

    The signing of the "Four Civil Treaties" consolidated and expanded Japan's aggressive forces in Manchuria, Mongolia and Shandong, and also increased its presence in Central and South China.  This can be regarded as one of the merits of Major General Tanaka Giichi, the deputy chief of staff of the Japanese Army Ministry who operated behind the scenes, and was promoted to lieutenant general in October 1915.

    Beiyang 1917639_Read the full text of Beiyang 1917 for free_Chapter 639 (Part 2) The past smoke and clouds have been updated!
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