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Volume 3 Far East Story Chapter 783 (2) The past and present life of mortars

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    "You can't count on the artillery in the city. Not even His Excellency Petliura can command the German major general. He is the former deputy chief of staff of the enemy's headquarters. Commander von Francois has a recurrence of his heart disease.  It is unknown whether he is really still sitting in the basement of the southern suburban train station. Anyway, the person who directs the defense operations in the entire Kharkiv area is Major General von Neuhaus. Our Prime Minister and Minister of Defense is in front of this Major General.  An errand boy"

    The words of Kalitintsev, the commander of the 2nd Volunteer Division, extinguished the extravagant hopes of artillery support among the three high-spirited subordinates. The commander of the 4th Brigade of the Volunteer Division and the two regiment commanders looked at each other, and finally it was the brigade commander Se.  Ergio Setyevich Pushenikhny couldn't help shouting,

    "How to counterattack without artillery support? The opponent has occupied two bridgeheads on the west side of the bridge. At this time, the third floor has been burned and collapsed by the fire, but the second and first floors are still intact. The opponent's Browning heavy machine gun  The fortifications are all exhausted, not to mention the three Chinese wheeled armored vehicles on the other side of the bridge have become three powerful firepower points. The M2 Browning large-caliber heavy machine gun mounted on the 360-degree turret is more powerful than our mg08  It¡¯s too strong If you don¡¯t remove the opponent¡¯s firepower, how can you counterattack?¡±

    Pushenikhny is a fat guy, and he is not stupid. He knows that whether it is offensive or defensive, the machine gun and heavy firepower are the battlegrounds for both sides. If he cannot suppress the opponent's firepower, it is obviously not a problem to take human lives to fill it up.  Even though our troop strength is several times that of the other side, the other side only defends the bridgehead, and the strength of two squadrons is more than enough Unless we can remove the opponent's firepower points But what if we don't have artillery?

    On the European battlefield in 1918, no one could use mortars to shoot accurately and directly. Originally, this mortar was developed from the naval mortar that fired straight from the trench. Looking at the history of the development of mortars, the earliest  Dated to 1342 AD.  §êw§ëAt that time, the Spanish army besieged the city of Arihekilas, which was occupied by the Arabs. The Arabs set up short horn tubes on the battlements, with the mouths of the tubes raised high towards the outside of the city.  A pack of black powder was put into the mouth of the barrel, and then an iron ball was put in. The powder was ignited and fired at the Spanish soldiers outside the city.  This primitive artillery known as the "Modelfa" can be said to be the prototype of the modern mortar.

    Speaking of which, the world¡¯s first real mortar was born during the Russo-Japanese War in 1904. The inventor was Russian artillery captain Nikolayevich.  At that time, Tsarist Russia and Japan were engaged in a fierce battle over the Port Arthur in China.  The Russian army occupied the Lushunkou Fortress, and the Japanese dug trenches and approached only a few dozen meters away from the Russian position. It was difficult for the Russian army to use ordinary artillery and machine guns to injure the Japanese army.  So Nikolayevich tried to modify an old 47mm naval mortar on a gun mount with wheels, and fired a long-tailed shell at a high elevation angle. As a result, it actually effectively killed the Japanese troops in the trenches.  Defeated many Japanese attacks.

    This Nikolayevich gun uses long super-caliber mortar shells with a total bomb mass of 115kg, a range of 50 to 400m, and a shooting angle of 45¡ã to 65¡ã.  This kind of artillery, which was born emergency on the battlefield, was called "Lightning Cannon" at the time. It was the earliest mortar in the world.

    During the First World War, due to the unfolding of trench warfare, various countries began to pay attention to the role of mortars, and developed a variety of special mortars based on the "thunder strike gun".  In Wang Geng's previous life, in 1927, the Stokes-Bronte 81mm mortar developed by France used a buffer, which overcame the shortcomings of the rigid connection between the gun body and the gun mount. The structure was more complete, and it basically had the capabilities of a modern mortar.  Characteristics of the gun.

    By the time of World War II, mortars were already the basic equipment of infantry. For example, at that time, Company E of the 506th Regiment of the 101st Airborne Division had a total of 140 people, divided into 3 platoons and 1 company headquarters.  Each platoon has three 12-man infantry squads and one 6-man mortar squad. Each infantry squad is equipped with a machine gun, and each mortar squad is equipped with a 60mm mortar.  At this time, the structure of the mortar is quite mature, and it fully possesses all the advantages of modern mortars, such as high rate of fire, high power, light weight, simple structure, and easy operation. In particular, it can be put into battle without preparation.  This feature made it shine during World War II.  According to statistics, more than 50% of casualties of ground troops during World War II were caused by artillery.

    In fact, in this time and space of 1918, the German Army was the first army among the warring countries to equip infantry mortars on a large scale. Of course, the amount of mortar equipment for the Eastern Front of the Allied Powers built by Wang Geng was equally astonishing. Every German army  The first squad of the platoon is equipped with a 76cm light infantry mortar, while each infantry platoon of the Chinese participating forces in the Allied Eastern Front has two M60 platoon mortars.

    In terms of power, the German 76cm light infantry mortar is stronger. After all, the opponent's caliber is large and the projectile weighs 45 kilograms. The projectile weight of the M81 battalion mortar equipped by the coalition is only 36 kilograms. The M60 platoon is a mortar.  The gun's shells weigh only 15 kilograms. Fortunately, the coalition's M81 and M60 mortars are advanced in their lightness and range. The M60 and M81 mortars imitated by China's Xuanhua Arsenal are much heavier than the French prototypes.  bufferThis is one of the advantages of Wang Geng, a time traveler. In the previous life, the French had to wait until 1927 to apply the buffer design to the 81mm mortar for the first time.

    As a typical deflection weapon, mortars need to shoot in a straight line like mountain artillery, anti-tank guns, and infantry guns. At that time, no one knew that it could be used in this way. In fact, in Wang Geng's previous life, it was only the artillerymen of the Eighth Route Army who were creative.  The Zhimiao mortar was invented specifically for attacking fortifications and bunkers.

    Direct shooting requires a low extension angle and a long trajectory. For German mortars that shoot from a few hundred meters to a kilometer, it is completely impossible at this moment. No one has thought about whether it can be used in this way. This is like the same situation in  In Wang Geng's previous life, even if the gunners on Tubal Road were equipped with 75mm field guns with a range of 7 or 8 kilometers, they only knew how to move a few hundred meters in front of the enemy's fortifications to conduct direct attacks, and they could not launch direct attacks beyond visual range.  , and the gunners among the captured liberation fighters had to be taught step by step later.

    "A salvo of two German guns knocked out two anti-aircraft guns of the Allied Forces at the bridgehead!!"

    ¡á¡á
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