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Volume 3: With a blow of destiny, the king appears. Chapter 96: The winged car of time flies by in a hurry.

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    Taking over Toynbee¡¯s chapter©¤

    Toynbee was born in London and was sent to a boarding school for nobles when he was young. He once attended Winchester College and graduated from Oxford University at the age of 23, specializing in ancient history. Later he studied at the British Archaeological Institute in Athens, Greece.  , he was to be trained as a historian.

    My grandfather was Joseph Toynbee, the first ear, nose and throat specialist in the UK, and a well-known philanthropist who devoted his life to improving the working conditions of industrial workers since the Industrial Revolution.

    His mother is a historian, and her interest in history inspired his desire for knowledge. In his early history learning, he also hated memorizing chronological timetables and the birth and death ages of important figures like us, but he was  Interested in exploring the unknown world of history.

    Ennby worked for the British Intelligence Service during World War I, and in 1919 he also became a representative at the Paris peace talks.

    He witnessed the loss of many friends during the war. He found that this kind of suffering has occurred repeatedly since the beginning of human history. This made him want to find knowledge and methods for human beings to understand each other from the study of the historical evolution of different civilizations. This kind of mutual understanding  His concern and sympathy for human suffering motivated his long-term and unremitting research work.

    In his later teaching of Greek history, he discovered that the history of classical Greece and the evolution of modern Western history had similarities, which inspired him to use a broad perspective and use "Ming" as the research unit of human history.

    He gave the "Egyptian Ming", "Syrian Ming", "Indian Ming" and "Chinese Ming", as well as some perishing Mings, a total of thirty-one Ming models, and used these thirty-one Mings as examples to study  The evolution and process of history.

    Most of these thirty-one civilizations are dead, and the only ones that exist are Christianity, Orthodox Christianity and its branches Russia, Islam, India, China and its branches Japan and Korea.  and three other stagnant clearings.

    With the exception of Christianity, all others are in the process of disintegration.  Even Christianity is showing signs of decline today.

    What is transformation?  People often cannot distinguish between Ming and Hua. Ming often refers to the country's architecture, economy and military level, while Hua refers to the description of the soul, the expression of language, and the meaning of philosophy.

    In addition, some people often use Ming and Hua together. To put it simply: Hua or Ming are tools for human beings to survive and grow.

    If we cannot accept the challenge, we will not be able to keep up with the times.  A country will inevitably be surpassed by others, or it will be destroyed and another dynasty will replace it. Likewise, if the church cannot accept the challenges of the times, it is likely that the church will close down.

    Toynbee¡¯s historical thoughts have a strong flavor of historical philosophy, and he also understood that there are no hard-and-fast historical facts.  Even the most faithful historical materials inevitably contain various views, opinions, and even prejudices.

    This is why postmodernism continues to deny the existence of objective history. They emphasize grand narratives and how readers interpret that history.

    Toynbee believes that a moderate challenge can not only motivate the challenged to obtain a more successful response, but also help them gain motivation.  This motivation can drive them to take a step forward, from the existing status quo to a new struggle.

    He believes that the structure of Ming society is mainly composed of three levels: politics, economy and culture, among which "culture" is the essence of Ming society.

    "Hua" is a spiritual activity unique to a certain civilization.  The symbol of this spiritual activity is the "value system" based on religious beliefs.

    Therefore, he pointed out that the source of vitality that truly enables the formation and development of various civilizations is religious belief, especially Christian belief.

    Think together.  Have the country, society, and the church accepted this challenge?  When faced with these challenges, learn to respond positively or just go with the flow.  How about following the contemporary ideological trend?

    We should be at the forefront of the times, instead of hiding behind closed doors and shouting about facing challenges.

    Today we have to face many challenges, such as: ideological leadership, behavioral patterns, transformation of ideological trends, interpersonal relationships, and the establishment of ethics and morals. They all need to be faced again. We cannot just hide in and study, sing hymns, and pray.  , what is the contemporary response to the world?

    Philosophers of history consider the value of a civilization (or civilization) not to care how much wealth and technology it created, how much land it occupied, or how many nations it conquered.

    Toynbee drew the incisive conclusion from the thirty-one clarifications that religious belief is the navigator of history. Can we keep this idea in our hearts and continue to carry it forward?

    "Historical Research" contains the history of the rise and fall of 26 Ming Dynasties.

    Compared with Spengler's "The Decline of the West", which is deterministic and pessimistic, Toynbee used historical evidence to deduce a set of decline formulas, which is moreoptimistic.  Tang's historical formulae still gives people the impression of determinism.

    Bagby pointed out that Tang¡¯s definition of Ming is not clear enough, and the theory is based on Western Ming, represented by the Athenian Reason and Human Ming (Ming) and the Jerusalem Religious Ming (Ming).

    He believes that a highly rational human civilization must be based on an unequal social class system, just like the Greek and Roman civilization.  Only religious enlightenment is the only solution for human society.

    It is proposed that the reason why the Chinese Ming Dynasty originated from the Yellow River is that the Yellow River is ferocious and the Yangtze River is benevolent.  The Chinese Ming Dynasty was divided into two parts: the Xia Ming Dynasty, the ancient Han Dynasty, and the Far East Ming Dynasty, Wei and Jin Dynasties. But in the end, Tang admitted that his division was wrong, and realized that the Confucianism, centralization, agricultural economy, and bureaucracy system of the Chinese Ming Dynasty were consistent throughout the entire Ming Dynasty.  China.

    We are worried about the war and dictatorship caused by the development of science and technology and excessive material civilization, and oppose nationalism and capitalism.

    Insisting that the essence of Western civilization (Christianity) is not science. In modern times, because of the distance from religion, nationalist pan-scientific materials have invaded human civilization.

    Human beings have indeed conquered nature with technology, but technology, not humans, is the winner.

    It is expected that a world government will emerge politically, the economy will be a reconciliation of capitalism and socialism, and the spirit will return to religion.

    As Toynbee got older, he felt more and more that there were only choices in life, and he had to do things that he thought were worthwhile and could be done well.

    So every time he takes the bus, he passes by the famous concert hall in London.  The couple were envious when they saw many people entering the venue, but they also knew that they still had homework to do when they "went home" in the evening (the book of the memoirs quotes a Psalm from the Bible: Go out to work and work hard until night).

    Toynbee had many more friends than he was "well-read", and had even read everything from the Greek and Roman eras in the world, but "a single thought" left him with no writings and took his knowledge to the grave.  Toynbee wrote many books.

    Toynbee was anxious about being published. During the long years of writing "Historical Research", he kept hearing Andrew Marvell's poems in his ears: But behind me, I often hear the wing car of time passing by in a hurry.  So, walk towards him.

    Because a person only has one life, it is so short, so we must make good use of time and make the greatest efforts.  The deceased is like this)

    ??If history is not used, it has little value, because all knowledge and life are actions. But to be able to understand the times of the ancients, you can only do it in your own time.  Only then will you be alive and you will not know how to live or die.  )

    In the preface written by Toynbee in dialogue, "the mood is almost dusk" but full of wisdom.

    Toynbee used the Gospel of Mark, "Matthew, if a man gains the world of gold, he loses his life."  What are the benefits?  What else can a man give in exchange for his life?  to respond to Kant¡¯s value or dignity.

    Toynbee¡¯s theme is that human dignity cannot be achieved by the technology that people are best at, but can only be measured by ethics (acts of compassion and love).

    Toynbee also said in the preface of the book that this kind of spiritual self-transformation is the only effective means for social change.

    Toynbee was so lucky to have many good friends in Japan. The president of a bank kindly bought the copyright of his "Historical Research" the day before yesterday.  I translated it in my lifetime after retirement.

    "The people of Sichuan" in Toynbee's "A Historian's View of Religion", the title of the book is not translated properly.  It is the author¡¯s experience and reflection with Christians as an ¡°agnostic¡±).

    In the preface to the second edition, Toynbee's wife quoted Toynbee's favorite Roman saying: One can never reach such a great and mysterious center by following a single path - he wrote in the book: The ultimate reality is one  Mystery, there is more than one way to access it.  Believers take different paths, but they are looking for the same goal.

    I remember I said more than a year ago that my personal broadcasts were all about saying what I thought at the moment, and there was nothing unspeakable. Then I received a few messages saying that I don¡¯t like hearing what you say and I won¡¯t follow you anymore.  Just cancel if you don¡¯t follow me, what¡¯s the point of coming here to tell me?

    We met again today, it was a bit funny, we can come and go as we please!  People are at ease with the world and have nothing to contend with. If you don't agree with it, it's your family's business. What does it have to do with me!  I should have said something similar here before)

    By the way, it¡¯s actually very easy for a newcomer to write a book to get my support. You just need to tell me, ¡°Brother Long! I read most of the words in your book, and I think my writing skills are better than yours!¡± Then I will  Go check it out.

    If you are really better than me, then Xiaomeng must have some of your books, and then you will recommend them!  Waiting for me to be in a good mood and giving you more than a million alliances is actually waiting for me to have money. When I have money, the chance of giving you a reward is much higher than that of ordinary people, because I have evidence to keep, and the Internet can prove it), because you are worthy, and  Because I personally like Chinese characters.

    Last night before going to bed, I watched a movie called Pacific Rim and Monsters at home. It only had scenes and no content. I realized that I need to revise what I said about the movie before.I used to say that watching movies is good for entertainment, and it feels good to watch them, no matter what the artistic level is, but now I feel that there should be at least some absorbing and novel content. Otherwise, it is better not to watch movies. It has the same meaning as books and music.  Bar!

    Then when I wanted to continue reading Zhang Ailing's loose books, I came up with the idea that I had fallen asleep and had a dream. I forgot about it in the dream. I only remembered the pain in my chest and wanted to smoke less. Then when I woke up, I would not  It hurts. In the dream, it seems that I woke up and felt chest pain. It is probably the result of years of smoking!

    I can¡¯t quit. Smoking is my true and never-ending lover. Without her company, my soul is alone, alone!

    ??Watching the NBA game in the morning, the Rockets played against the Toronto Raptors. The main bettors were to bet on big points, and the Rockets would win if they won at home by 9 points. The two teams would win if the combined scores of the two teams exceeded 203 points.

    After the regular season, luckily it was a tie, with the score at 174 points. After 5 minutes of the overtime, it was 190 points. Fortunately, the two teams were still tied, and another extension was made. In the end, the score was 214 points, and the Rockets won by 6 points.

    ??????????? If you guess correctly if you play Big Points, if you guess wrong if you play Rockets, you win more than 9 points. After adding and subtracting both sides, you don¡¯t lose money, and you feel more relaxed.  After reading it, it was already past noon. When I thought about the company, I felt as if I had just slept for an hour and had another dream. I simply continued to sleep until I was woken up by a call message at four o'clock. After taking a shower, I went out to the company.  .

    We took the same route, bought the same coffee and the same cigars, entered the same company, chatted about the same work gossip, turned on the computer, and went out to buy lottery tickets and scratch-off tickets.

    I thought it would be better not to travel far in November, but to take a full-time look at it first, which refers to this place.  What about December?  The Chinese New Year is almost here, are you ready?  When you have time to think about it, put on your headphones and listen to a few songs!
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