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- One of the Demon Guardians - Guan Hanqing
Guan Hanqing, nicknamed Jizhaisou, was born in Jiezhou (now Yuncheng, Shanxi) and was the leader of the four great Yuan opera masters.
His life story is unknown. According to some fragmentary information in "Ghost Record Book", "Butterhouse Collection", and "Nancun Stop Farming Record", he was a native of the late Jin Dynasty and early Yuan Dynasty, active from about 1210 to about 1300 (Yuan Chengzong) Dade) room.
Guan Hanqing may have been a doctor at the Taiyuan Hospital. Another theory is that his ancestor or father and brother were doctors at the Taiyuan Hospital. Therefore, Guan Hanqing was a medical practitioner, not a doctor.
Mainly active around Dadu (now B¨§i Jing), and also visited Bianliang, Lin'an (now Hangzhou) and other places. He made the greatest achievements in Zaju. He wrote more than 60 kinds of dramas in his lifetime, and 18 of them exist today.
The most famous one is "The Injustice of Dou E"; Guan Hanqing also wrote many historical dramas, such as: "Single Sword Club", "Single Whip to Seize the Palm", "Dream of Western Shu", etc.; there are more than 40 Sanqu in Xiaoling, including several sets. More than 10 songs.
The image created by Guan Hanqing is that I can¡¯t be steamed, boiled, pounded or stir-fried, and I can¡¯t shake a copper pea ("Bu Fu Lao"). The image is also widely known as a sage among the composers.
"Analysis of Jin Zhi Collection of Lost and Famous Officials" says: Guan Yizhai, courtesy name Hanqing, was born in Yan. Born suave, knowledgeable and able to write. Funny and wise, with romantic charm, it is the crown of the moment. At that time, Wenhan was blind and unable to stand alone. He had been drowned in words and chapters for a long time.
The themes and forms of Guan Hanqing's dramas are wide and diverse, including tragedies, comedies, heroic heroes, love stories, family issues, and official cases.
Most of the themes of Zaju dramas reflect reality, with a very broad aspect of life, real and concrete, revealing the contradictions in all aspects of society, expressing deep sympathy for the unfortunate, and highly combining ideological and artistic qualities.
The scripts of Guan Hanqing's dramas can be tailored according to the theme. The plots are compact, the layout is fascinating, the main line is clear, and the rhythm is tight. They do not all adopt the convention of happy endings.
The characters created by Guan Hanqing's Zaju have distinctive personalities and are flesh and blood. Characters such as Dou E are lifelike and they successfully create various typical characters.
Guan Hanqing is good at controlling language, and his language style and subject matter complement each other. He absorbs the dialects of folk literature and the vivid words of classical poetry, and refines them to appropriately reflect the identity and personality of the characters in the play. He is also good at highlighting and fully expressing Yuan drama character.
The contents of Guan Hanqing's dramas are highly realistic and full of high-spirited fighting spirit. Guan Hanqing lived in an era of political darkness and social unrest. His plays profoundly reproduced the social reality and were full of strong flavor of the times.
It not only ruthlessly exposes the darkness of officialdom, but also enthusiastically praises the people's resistance struggle. Generous tragedy, optimism and struggle form the keynote of Guan Hanqing's plays.
" Guan Hanqing's Sanqu has the most works that describe the love between men and women. He depicts women's psychology in detail, and his descriptions of parting and sorrow are real and touching. The style of Guan Hanqing's sanqu is bold and unrestrained, the lyrics are spicy and interesting; the language is popular and colloquial, vivid and natural, and can well express the true nature of the music. He likes to use line drawing techniques, is good at describing scenes, and uses vivid metaphors.
Important works: "The Dream of Guan and Zhang Shuang Going to Western Sichuan", "The Lady Worshiping the Moon Pavilion", "Qian Da Yin Zhi Favors Xie Tianxiang", "Du Ruiniang Zhi Bounty Thread Pool", "Wangjiang Pavilion Mid-Autumn Festival", "Pei Du Returns to the Mountain Temple" "Zhao Paner Fengyue Saves Fengchen"
"Mrs. Deng cried bitterly to preserve her filial piety", "King Guan went alone to the one-on-one meeting", "Wen Taizhen's Jade Mirror Stand", "Qian Dayin Zhikan Fei Yi Meng", "Fooling the Nizi to Tease the Affair", "Moving Heaven and Earth Dou E's Injustice", "Zhuangyuan Hall" "Chen's mother teaches her son", "Bao Taizhi Sankan Butterfly Dream", "Mrs. Liu celebrates the banquet of the Five Marquises", "Bao Taizhi kills Lu Zhailang with wisdom", "Yu Chi Gong seizes the vine with a single whip"
Guan Hanqing's Zaju has left many famous stories as blueprints for later generations, such as the story of Feishuang in June, which is very popular. The plot layout of its dramas is compact, which makes the script plots of later Ming and Qing operas more in line with the requirements of stage performances.
The language of Guan Hanqing¡¯s Zaju became a model of the True Style Zaju and influenced the development of Southern Opera and early Ming Dynasty Opera. The characters created by his dramas are deeply rooted in the hearts of the people, leaving a model for later playwrights and influencing the artistic characteristics of drama writing in the Ming and Qing Dynasties.
In Chapter 23 of "History of Liu's Development", Guan Hanqing's status in the history of Chinese opera was compared to that of the British playwright Shakespeare.
Guan Hanqing is a great dramatist, and later generations called Guan Hanqing the sage of music.
In 1958, he was designated as a world cultural celebrity by the World Peace Conference Council, and commemorative activities for the 700th anniversary of Guan Hanqing's creation were launched at home and abroad.
In the same year, at least 100 different drama forms and 1,500 professional theater troupes in China performed Guan Hanqing's plays at the same time.
His plays have been translated into English, French, German, Japanese, etc., and are widely spread around the world. Foreigners call him the Shakespeare of the East!
It is generally believed that the person who reformed the unfinished operas of the previous dynasties and completed the genre of Yuan Zaju was none other than Guan Hanqing.
"Lu Gui Bu" ranks Guan Hanqing at the top of Zaju. Zhu Quan's "Taihe Zhengyinpu" comments: Judging from his words, he is a talented person who can be promoted or demoted. The reason why he is selected is that he was the beginning of Zaju, so he is ranked among the top. . Wang Guowei's "History of Operas of the Song and Yuan Dynasties": "The Injustice of Dou E" is worthy of being included in the world's great tragedies.
There is a crater on Mercury named after him.
The full name of "The Injustice of Dou E" is "The Injustice of Dou E that Moves Heaven and Earth". The tragic plot is based on the folk tale of filial piety in the East China Sea. The plot reflects the dark reality and political ills of the Yuan Dynasty that corrupt officials had no intention of rectifying the law and disregarded human lives, as well as the people who had grievances but had no way to complain.
"The Injustice of Dou E" has been adapted into the legendary "The Story of the Golden Lock" and the local opera "Snow in June". Later generations often use the flying frost in June in the story as a metaphor for injustice. Wang Guowei believes that the play "The Injustice of Dou E" is listed among the world's great tragedies, and it is worthy of shame.
This play has a total of 40% discount and 1 wedge.
Wedge - The heroine Dou Duanyun was sent to the Cai family as a daughter-in-law (i.e., a child bride) since she was a child because her father Dou Tianzhang had no money to repay his debts, and was renamed Dou E.
The first twist - less than two years after the marriage, Dou E's husband passed away; Dou E and Cai Po depended on each other. Cai Po asked Dr. Sai Lu to collect a debt, but failed and was almost strangled to death. She happened to be rescued by Zhang Luer and his son.
Unexpectedly, Zhang Luer was a gangster. After moving into Cai's house, he forced his mother-in-law and daughter-in-law to marry their father and son, but Dou E sternly refused.
The second twist - Granny Cai wants to eat sheep tripe soup, Zhang Luer wants to poison Granny Dou E and take possession of Dou E (Zhang Luer threatens to report the attempted strangulation of Granny Cai, and asks Dr. Sailu for the poison), but unexpectedly, instead He was mistakenly eaten by his father and poisoned to death.
Zhang Luer then falsely accused Dou E of murder. The eunuch Tao Zhu tortured her to extract a confession. Dou E couldn't bear that her mother-in-law should suffer the same crime, so she confessed to poisoning her father-in-law and was sentenced to death.
The third twist - Dou E was taken to the execution ground. Before her execution, Dou E swore to the sky to show her grievances that her blood would be spattered on the ground after her death, that her body would be covered with three feet of frost in June, and that there would be a severe drought in Chuzhou for three years. All the results came true.
The fourth twist - Three years later, Dou E's wrongdoer complained to his father, who was already serving as an interrogator; the case was retried, doctor Sai Lu was sent to the army, and the faint official Tao Chu was dismissed from his post and never used again. Zhang Luer was beheaded, and Dou E The grievances were brought to light.
In the end, Dou E¡¯s friend hopes that his father, Dou Tianzhang, can bring his in-laws, Granny Cai, to his residence and fulfill his filial piety on Dou E¡¯s behalf. Dou¡¯s father agrees, and the play ends.
Classical saying: Those who do good will suffer poverty and their life will be shortened; those who do evil will enjoy wealth and longevity. Heaven and earth! He was afraid of bullying, but he turned out to be so smooth. Earth, you don¡¯t distinguish between good and bad, what is the earth? God, you are wrong and foolish, and you are in vain!
The Four Masters of Yuan Opera refers to the four playwrights of the Yuan Dynasty, Guan Hanqing, Bai Pu, Ma Zhiyuan and Zheng Guangzu.
He Liangjun of the Ming Dynasty said in "Siyou Zhaicong Shuo": The Yuefu of the Yuan Dynasty called Ma Dongli, Zheng Dehui, Guan Hanqing and Bai Renfu the four great masters. Prior to this, Zhou Deqing of the Yuan Dynasty said in the preface to "Central Plains Music": The preparation of Yuefu in its prosperity cannot be more difficult than today. The preparations are made from Guan, Zheng, Bai and Ma.
However, although Zhou Deqing was referred to as four people, he was not named after the four masters. In terms of ranking, Guan Hanqing was ranked first among the dramatists in the "Ghost Book" written by Zhong Sicheng of the Yuan Dynasty.
In modern times, Wang Guowei's "History of Song and Yuan Operas" said: Yuan Dynasty opera artists have been called Guan, Ma, Zheng and Bai since the Ming Dynasty. However, judging from their age and attainments, it is more appropriate to call them Guan, Bai, Ma and Zheng. also. Guan Hanqing, leaning against the sky, composed his own great poems, and his words were full of human feelings and every word was genuine, so he should be ranked first among the people of the Yuan Dynasty.
In addition, in the condolence poem written by Jia Zhongming for Ma Zhiyuan in the early Ming Dynasty, there is also a saying that Yu, Bai and Guan Lao Qimei were together. Yu refers to Yu Jifu. These statements show that the concepts of the four great masters of Yuan Opera were gradually formed.
As for the commonly used abbreviations of Guan, Ma and Zhengbai today, there is no doubt that Guan is ranked first, but the ranking of Ma and Zhengbai has always been controversial.
According to a campus legend from Soochow University in Taiwan, the ranking of Guan Ma and Zheng Bai actually has no meaning of superiority and inferiority. It is purely based on the ranking of people. Guan Hanqing's representative work "The Injustice of Dou E", Bai Pu's representative work "Wu Tong Yu", Ma Zhiyuan's representative work "Autumn in the Han Palace", and Zheng Guangzu's representative work "A Chinese Story of a Chinese Girl".
The sky is clear and the sand is clear, autumn thoughts are ©¤ Ma Zhiyuan. Tianjingsha is also known as "Shangqiu".
Withered vines and old trees, dim crows, small bridges and flowing water, and old roads with westerly winds and thin horses. Sunset, heartbroken people in the horizon.
Ma Zhiyuan¡¯s courtesy name is Qianli and his nickname is Dongli. Most of his works describe the Taoism of immortals, so he is known as the "Horse Immortal".
The music and lyrics are bold and free-spirited, and the achievements of Sanqu are particularly praised by the world. There are more than one hundred Xiaoling poems and twenty-three sets in existence. Among them, "Autumn Thoughts" is praised as "unique among ten thousand".
Yue Diao: one of the Yuan Dynasty palace tunes. Tianjingsha: The name of Qu Pai, which is equivalent to the Ci Pai in Song Dynasty poetry. Qiusi: The title of this song.
This song "Tian Jing Sha¡¤Qiu Si" is called ""The Ancestor of Autumn Thoughts" is the most widely recited and praised work among Yuan operas. Dusk Crow: The crow at dusk.
It¡¯s late autumn. A wanderer far away from his hometown rode a thin horse on a desolate ancient road in the bleak autumn wind.
On the old trees entwined with dead vines, there are already crows roosting at dusk. A stream flows under the small bridge, and there are people living on the opposite side of the bridge.
The sun is setting in the west, it is getting dark, and the wind is getting colder. But the wanderer still has to ride a tired and thin horse, bumping and wandering around the world. How could this situation not make him extremely sad?
The homesickness of wanderers has been an eternal theme in poets' writings since ancient times. But where are the wanderers in this song going? The wanderer was heartbroken, but did not express his homesickness. This is the difference between this song and other masterpieces of homesickness for wanderers!
In fact, homesickness in the world is a reflection at the human level of the urge to search for the origin of life deep in the soul.
The author likes to write fairy and Taoist works, which just describe the specific process of people searching for the origin of life, and the author is also a pursuer of the origin of life in his own real life.
The author expresses his unremitting pursuit of the origin of life through extremely ingenious image thinking.
The author has the title of "Horse God". It is expected that he lived up to his reputation. After retiring from office and going into seclusion, he finally found his true home. He no longer had to ride a skinny horse and wander around the world on his way back to life!
Xu Zaisi once composed a song called "The Clear Sand in the Sky - The Fisherman", which goes like this: I forget my feelings in the rain and smoke, and my intimate pastor sings a woodcutter song. The bright moon and the clear breeze are with me, and the three idlers spend their time with him now and in the past.
Tang Wu has also composed several tunes with the same title. His song "Tian Jing Sha - Leisurely Living and Miscellaneous" says: People living near mountains and rivers, with smoke and rain, mulberry and hemp, are serving as county officials. One pear, two rakes, self-cultivation and self-sowing life. rs! . - Didn't finish reading? Add this book to your favoritesI'm a member and bookmarked this chapterCopy the address of this book and recommend it to your friends for pointsChapter error? Click here to report
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