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Volume 3: A blow of destiny, the king appears Chapter 81: Induction

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    One of the Demonic Rebels: The Floating Pot Space - Bacon

    Francis Bacon, the first Viscount St. Alban (1561-1626), was a British essayist, jurist, philosopher, and statesman, and the ancestor of classical empiricism.  />

    Francis Bacon was born into a family of high-ranking officials in London.  His father, Sir Nicholas Bacon, was Lord Privy Seal to Queen Elizabeth.

    Bacon was the youngest son of his father¡¯s second wife.  His mother was a learned aristocratic woman in the Renaissance era, and her brother-in-law was Lord Burghley, an important minister of Queen Elizabeth.

    With this kind of family background and social connections, coupled with his outstanding talent, Bacon had the opportunity to enter and leave the court very early.  As a child, he was called my little Lord Privy Seal by Queen Elizabeth.

    The ambitious Bacon hoped for a shortcut to gain fame and fortune, and determined to become an official in the future.  At the age of twelve, he entered Trinity College, Cambridge, where he studied theology and metaphysics, as well as logic, mathematics, astronomy, Greek and Latin.

    He was very disgusted with the educational system of the university at that time and the Aristotelian philosophical system that organized academic research.  He graduated from Cambridge University in 1576 and, together with the English Ambassador to France, traveled to Paris, where he served as Foreign Secretary to the British Embassy in France and studied statistics and diplomacy in Paris.

    In 1579, he resigned and returned to England due to his father's death.  In 1593, he was elected as a member of the House of Commons. In 1617, he became Lord Privy Seal. In 1618, he served as Llor under James I and was awarded the title of Baron Verulam. In 1621, he was promoted to the title of Baron.  Viscount Saint Alban.

    In his later years, he was convicted of a bribery case involving the king, but was pardoned by the king.  Later, he wrote books behind closed doors. Although his life was quite bleak, he made great academic achievements.  During a cold snowstorm while doing an experiment on preserving food using white snow (he purchased a chicken at the time), he contracted a cold and fell ill and died on April 9, 1626.  After Bacon's death, Sir Henry Woden wrote his epitaph:

    "If the Viscount Saint-Alban could use a more prestigious title, he should be called the light of science and the tongue of the law."

    Bacon was the first to realize the historical significance of science and its methodology and the role it might play in human life.  He tried to give the new scientific movement the impetus and direction for its development by analyzing and determining the general methods of science and showing its application.

    Bacon was a philosopher.  He explored various possibilities of experimental methods from the beginning. He said that he wanted to be a scientific Columbus.  In 1605, he published his first book, "The Progress of Learning," which was the earliest popular book explaining his insights.

    In 1620, part of his main work "The Great Revival of Learning" was published, which was not completed when he died.  Bacon divided the book into six parts.

    1. Introduction, namely "Academic Progress".

    2. "New Tool Theory" is mainly an analysis of scientific methods.  It is the most complete part of the book.

    3. It was originally intended to be an encyclopedia of craftsman knowledge and experimental facts.

    4. The fourth part was not found. It mainly discusses how to use new methods to analyze facts.

    5. Discuss past and present scientific theories.

    6. Discuss the new natural philosophy, and finally synthesize the hypotheses extracted from various facts and existing scientific theories.

    Bacon only wrote the second part of this book.  But he had a great influence on both England in the seventeenth century and France in the eighteenth century.  In this work he proposed a theory of scientific knowledge based on observation and experiment, which became known as the inductive theory.

    Bacon believed that scientific understanding of nature and technological control are complementary to each other, and both are the results of the application of scientific methods.  Bacon attached great importance to the invention of printing, gunpowder and the compass.  He cited these three inventions as examples.  It proves that modern people are much more knowledgeable than the ancient Greeks.  Bacon said:

    Therefore, the first requirement for new scientific methods to promote the development of science and technology is to find new principles, new operating procedures and new facts.  Such principles and facts are found in technical knowledge as well as in experimental science.  When we understand these principles and knowledge, they can lead to new applications in technology and science.

    Bacon asked James I to issue an order to collect knowledge in various fields.  He believed that the collection of large numbers of facts was the first requirement of his method, and that with an encyclopedia six times the size of Pliny the Elder's Natural History he could explain all the phenomena of nature.

    Bacon¡¯s view of scientific method is mainly based on experimental qualitative and induction.  He adopted a distrustful attitude toward mathematics and deduction used in the scientific method.

    Bacon only had his original ideas in the methods he advocated, but these original ideas were not immediately applied.  By the 19th century, due to the theory of evolution in geology and biology,?Development.  It was Bacon's qualitative-inductive method that attracted people's attention.

    When evaluating Bacon¡¯s methodology, Marx once said: Science is an experimental science. The scientific method consists in using rational methods to organize perceptual materials. Induction, analysis, comparison, observation and experiment are rational methods and important conditions.

    In applied sciences.  Bacon was mainly interested in craftsmen's technology and industrial production processes, so he is called the philosopher of industrial science.

    Bacon was also an essayist.  His "Collected Essays" published in 1624 is very beautiful in writing and is a masterpiece worth reading.  There are many famous sentences in it:

    Reading history makes people wise.  Reading poetry makes people smart, and mathematics makes people thoughtful.  Physics makes people profound, ethics makes people solemn, logic and rhetoric make people eloquent; whatever they learn becomes character.  Truth is a product of time, not of authority.  Arranging time properly means saving time.

    He wrote the first edition of "Discourses" in 1597, "Academic Progress" in 1605, and "New Instruments" in 1620.

    "The Chronicles of Henry VII", "On the Nature of Things", "Clues of the Labyrinth", "Critiques of Various Philosophies", "Great Events in Nature", "On Human Knowledge", "Bacon's Theory of Life"

    What Bacon said:

    A person who is alert and cautious will definitely have good luck.

    Of all the truly great people (whether they are ancient or modern, as long as their names are forever engraved in human memory), there is no one who is crazy about love: because the great cause suppresses this weak emotion.

    Etiquette requires natural behavior to appear noble.  If the appearance is too artificial, it will lose its due value.

    Reading history makes people wise, reading poetry makes people smart, mathematics makes people thoughtful, science makes people profound, ethics makes people solemn, logic and rhetoric make people eloquent, and everything learned becomes character.

    Rich words are like sparkling beads.  The truly wise and wise are short of words.

    The supreme part of beauty cannot be described with colored pens.

    Generally speaking, young people are good at "intuition", while old people are good at "thinking".

    The love that comes from marriage creates children; the love that comes from friendship creates a person.

    After the opportunity first catches the hair on your forehead and you don't catch it, it will catch the bald head for you; or at least it will give you the handle of the bottle first, and if you don't take it, it will round the bottle.  The body is given to you, and that is hard to catch.  There is no greater wisdom than taking advantage of the opportunity at the beginning.

    Time is the measure of career.

    Talents that are shown off on the outside are suddenly enviable, while talents that are hidden deep down can bring luck.

    Books are ships of thought sailing in the waves of the times. They carefully transport precious cargo to one generation after another.

    In all major undertakings, people should observe the opportunity like a thousand eyes before starting to do something, and seize the opportunity like a thousand-handed god while doing it.
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