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Volume 3: A blow of destiny, the king appears Chapter 88: The biography of Mr. Zuiyin, the three great poets

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    One of the Demon Guardians - Bai Juyi

    Bai Juyi (772-846), whose courtesy name was Letian, his later nicknames were Xiangshan Jushi and Mr. Zuiyin, and he was also known as the Master of Guangda Education.  [In Taiyuan, Shanxi, there is talk of a descendant of the Qiuci royal family.

    By the time of his great-grandfather, he moved to Xiagui (now Xiaji Town, Weinan, Shaanxi Province). He was born in Xinzheng, Henan Province. He was a writer in the Tang Dynasty. He was a well-written and especially good at writing poems. He was one of the most representative poets in the mid-Tang Dynasty.

    The work is so approachable that even an old woman can understand it.

    In his early years, Bai Juyi actively engaged in political reform, cared about people's livelihood, advocated the New Yuefu Movement, and advocated that poetry creation should not be divorced from reality, but must be based on real events and reflect the conditions of the times. The so-called articles are written according to the time, and songs and poems are written according to the events.  One of the important leaders of practical literature after Du Fu.

    Although he still cared about people's livelihood in his later years, due to political frustration, he often indulged in poetry and drinking, and wrote "The Biography of Mr. Zuiyin" to express his feelings.

    Bai Juyi is as famous as Yuan Zhen, also known as Yuan Bai. The two are partners in the literary revolution movement.  In his later years, Bai Juyi sang many songs with Liu Yuxi and was known as Bai Liu.

    Bai Juyi's works have been widely circulated in all walks of life during the author's lifetime, and even in foreign countries, such as Silla, Japan and other places, and have had a great influence.  Important poems include "Song of Everlasting Sorrow", "Preface to the Pipa Line", "Qin Zhongyin", "New Yuefu", etc., and important articles include "Nine Books of the Yuan Dynasty" and so on.

    Bai Juyi, the main advocate of the New Yuefu Movement in the mid-Tang Dynasty and one of the three major poets of the Tang Dynasty. He is the inheritor of the realist tradition and advocates that if you are successful, you can benefit the world, and if you are poor, you can be alone.

    Bai Juyi was born in Xinzheng, Henan Province (the seventh year of Emperor Da Li of the Tang Dynasty). Later, due to war and other factors, he moved to Yuezhong, Quzhou, Fuli, Xiangyang, Luoyang, Chang'an and other places.

    When he was young, his family was poor.  Have more contact and understanding of social life and people's sufferings.  In 787, Bai Juyi went to Chang'an to visit Gu Kuang, a famous scholar at that time.

    When Gu Kuang saw Bai Juyi¡¯s name, he jokingly said that rice was expensive and living there was difficult.  It was only when I saw his poems that I sighed: Once the Tao is revealed, it will be easy to live in it.

    In 799, Bai Juyi began to invest in scientific research.  In 800, he passed the imperial examination and returned to his hometown to visit relatives.  In 802, he passed the test of Cuike.  He made a friendship with Yuan Zhen, who passed away at the same time, and became lifelong friends.  In 803, he was awarded the title of Secretary Provincial Secretary and settled in Chang'an.

    Works: "Farewell to Fu De Gu Yuan Cao" and "Baidao Ban"

    In 806, Bai Juyi dismissed the school secretary.  In April of the same year, he passed the test in the Physical Education Department with outstanding talent and knowledge.  He was awarded the title of Lieutenant of Wuqu County (today's Zhouzhi County).

    In 807, he served as Jinshi examiner, Jixian school administrator, and was awarded Hanlin bachelor's degree.  In 808, he was appointed Zuo Shiyi and married Yang Yuqing's younger sister.  In 810, he was transferred to the household department of Jingzhao Prefecture and joined the army. In 811, his mother Chen died, and Ding You resigned and returned to Xiagui.  Returned to Chang'an in 814.  He was awarded the title of Prince Zuo Zanshan.

    When he was appointed Zuo Shiyi, Bai Juyi believed that he was appreciated and promoted by the emperor who loved literature, so he hoped to repay his kindness by fulfilling his duties as an official, so he frequently wrote letters to express his opinions.  He also wrote a large number of poems that reflected social reality, hoping to make up for current affairs and even point out the emperor's mistakes face to face.

    Bai Juyi¡¯s writings were mostly accepted, but his words were direct.  Emperor Xianzong of the Tang Dynasty once felt unhappy and complained to Li Jiang: I promoted Bai Juyi to his famous position.  But if you are rude to me, I can't help it.  Li Jiang believed that this was Bai Juyi's loyalty, and advised Xianzong to open up his voice.

    Works: "Ce Lin", "Song of Everlasting Regret", "Qin Zhongyin", "New Yuefu", "Why I Feel Clumsy in Self-Reflection"

    In 815, Prime Minister Wu Yuanheng was assassinated. Bai Juyi advocated the strict arrest of the murderer, which was considered to be overstepping his duties.  Later, Bai Juyi was slandered again: his mother fell into a well and died while looking at flowers, but Bai Juyi wrote poems about flower appreciation and Arai, which was harmful to famous religion.

    So he used this as an excuse to demote him to Sima of Jiangzhou (now Jiujiang City, Jiangxi Province).  In the winter of 818, he was appointed as the governor of Zhongzhou (now Zhongxian County, Chongqing City) and took office in 819.  In the summer of 820, he was recalled to Chang'an and served as Wailang, a member of the Shangshu Department.

    Although Bai Juyi's mother died after falling into a well while looking at flowers, Bai Juyi had already composed many poems about flowers. According to the records of the Song Dynasty, Arai's poems were written around the first year of Yuanhe (Arai's poems have been lost today), so this matter cannot constitute a crime.

    The main reason why he was demoted was probably related to the fact that he offended those in power by writing satirical works.  The demotion to Jiangzhou was a turning point in Bai Juyi's life: before that, he was aiming to be both economic and financial, hoping to make a beneficial contribution to the country and the people; after that, his behavior gradually turned to be independent, although he still cared about the people, and showed great  The action has no spark of the past.

    "However, although Bai Juyi failed in his career in Jiangzhou, he was still able to live peacefully in general. He once built a thatched cottage in the north of Xianglu Peak in Lushan Mountain and socialized with local monks.

    In 818, Bai Juyi's younger brother Bai Xingjian went to Jiangzhou to meet Bai Juyi.  When Bai Juyi was appointed as the governor of Zhongzhou,, Bai Xingjian also went up the river with his brother.

    On the way, he met Yuan Zhen at Huangniu Gorge. The place where the three of them traveled together was called Sanyou Cave.  While serving in Zhongzhou, Bai Juyi planted flowers on the hillside east of Zhongzhou City and named the place Dongpo.

    Works: "Reading the Collection of Poems by Li and Du because of the Inscription", "Books with Yuan Jiu", "Visiting Tao Gong's Old Residence and Preface", "Compiling My Poems into Fifteen Volumes Because of Inscription at the End of the Volume and Presenting the Play to Yuan Jiu and Li Er"  "Ten", "Pipa Play", "Preface to Dalin Temple", "Records of the Thatched Cottage", "Book of Yu Wei", "Li Bai's Tomb", "Preface to Sanyou Cave", "Planting Flowers on Dongpo"

    In the winter of 820, he was transferred to the post of host and guest doctor, Zhi Zhi Gao.  In 821, he became a minister of Chaosan and began to officially wear the imperial robes of the fifth rank of Fei. (Fei is vermilion, the color used by officials above the fifth rank.) He was transferred to Zhuguo and then to the Shusheren.

    In 822, Bai Juyi wrote a letter to discuss the military affairs of Hebei at that time, but it was not adopted, so he requested to serve in other places. In July, he was appointed as the governor of Hangzhou and took office in October.  During his term of office, he made achievements such as building the West Lake embankment and dredging six wells.

    In May 824, he was appointed the crown prince Zuo Shuzi as the branch of the Eastern Capital. In the autumn, he went to Luoyang and bought a house in Ludaoli, Luoyang.  In 825, he was appointed governor of Suzhou and took office in May.  He resigned due to illness in 826, and later traveled to Yangzhou and Chuzhou with Liu Yuxi.

    During his tenure as the governor of Hangzhou, he saw that six ancient wells in Hangzhou were in disrepair for a long time, so he took charge of dredging the six wells to solve the drinking water problem of Hangzhou people.  He also saw that the West Lake was silted up and farmland was arid, so he built embankments to store lake water to facilitate irrigation and alleviate the damage caused by drought. He also wrote "Qiantang Lake Stone Records", which engraved the policies, methods and precautions for lake water management and placed them on stones beside the lake.  , for future generations to know, and had a great influence on the subsequent management of lake water in Hangzhou.

    Before leaving office, Bai Juyi left an official salary in the state treasury as a fund to facilitate the official turnover of officials who later governed Hangzhou, and then replenished the original amount afterwards.  This fund was in operation until the Huang Chao Rebellion. When Huang Chao arrived in Hangzhou, many documents were burned and lost, and the fund disappeared.

    Now there is a white embankment in the West Lake, with willows planted on both sides. Later generations mistakenly believed that this was the embankment built by Bai Juyi, and called it Baigong Embankment.  In fact, this White Causeway existed before Bai Juyi came to Hangzhou. It was called Baisha Causeway at that time and can be seen in Bai Juyi's poems.

    When Bai Juyi was in Hangzhou, Yuan Zhen was also transferred from the prime minister to the observer of eastern Zhejiang. Eastern Zhejiang and Hangzhou were not too far apart, so there were many poems of gifts and replies between the two.

    When Bai Juyi left Hangzhou at the end of his term, Yuan Zhen asked Bai Juyi to hand over all his works and compile them into fifty volumes of "Bai's Changqing Collection".

    During his tenure as the governor of Suzhou, Bai Juyi dug a seven-mile-long Shantang River from Huqiu in the west to Changmen in the east in order to facilitate Suzhou's water and land transportation. A road was built in the north of the Shantang River, called Qili Shantang, or Shantang Street for short.

    Works: "Jiang Tower Recruiting Guests at Evening", "Lengquan Pavilion", "Qiantang Lake Stone", "Since arriving at Junzhai, it has only been ten days, and I have been focusing on official business and no time for banquets and excursions."  I wrote twenty-four rhymes in my writing in my spare time, and also sent it to Jia Sheren in Changzhou, Cui Langzhong in Huzhou, and also to all the guests in Wuzhong and "Yin to Wine".
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