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Volume 3: With a blow of destiny, the king appears Chapter 87: The Emperor in Words

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    One of the Demon Guardians - Li Yu

    Li Yu (937©¤978), also known as Empress Li, was the last monarch of the Southern Tang Dynasty and his ancestral home was Xuzhou.  Li Yu's original name was Congjia, with the courtesy name Chongguang, and his nicknames include Zhongshan Hermit, Zhongfeng Hermit, Bailian Jushi, Lianfeng Jushi, etc.

    Li Yu, who had no political achievements, was captured by the Northern Song Dynasty after the fall of the Southern Tang Dynasty. However, he became the leading poet in Chinese history and was known as the Emperor of Ci. His works have been passed down through the ages.

    Li Yu was a benevolent and filial man, good at family, good at calligraphy and painting, and had a large forehead, side teeth, and heavy pupils. He was the sixth son of Li Jing, Emperor Yuanzong of the Southern Tang Dynasty (the central leader of the Southern Tang Dynasty).

    Since Li Jing¡¯s second to fifth sons all died early, when Li Yu¡¯s eldest brother Li Hongji became the crown prince, he was the de facto second son.  Li Hongji was very jealous, and Li Yu, who was the Duke of An Ding at that time, was afraid of Li Hongji's suspicion and did not dare to participate in political affairs. He only read for pleasure every day.

    Li Hongji died shortly after poisoning Li Jingsui in 959.  Li Jing wanted to make Li Yu the crown prince, but Zhong Mo said that he was cowardly and despised his ambitions.  Being kind, resolute and dignified makes him an heir.  Li Jing was angry and demoted Zhong Mo to the position of Si Ye and exiled him to Raozhou.  Li Yu was granted the title of King of Wu, Shangshu Ling, and knows political affairs, and ordered him to live in the East Palace and learn to handle political affairs nearby.

    In 961, the second year of Jianlong of the Song Dynasty, Li Jing moved the capital to Nanchang and appointed Li Yu as the prince to supervise the country, ordering him to stay in Jinling.  After Li Jing died in June, Li Yu ascended the throne in Jinling.

    Li Yu is arrogant, sensual, and fond of ostentation. He only cares about high-minded talk and does not care about political affairs.  .  He is a firm believer in Buddhism, loves pagodas and pagodas, and has no chance of saving monks and nuns.  After leaving the court, he often built Buddhist houses and worshiped people easily, which was a waste of political affairs.  Religion was vigorously promoted in the palace and the country, and even major military and state affairs were based on Buddhist practices. He wore cassocks and recited Buddhist scriptures every day.  Until the Song army came to the city.  Li Yu was still listening to the monks chanting sutras at Jingju Temple.

    After the Song army destroyed the Southern Han Dynasty in 971, Li Yu changed his title to the Lord of Jiangnan in order to show that he would not fight against the Song Dynasty and became a vassal to the Song Dynasty.

    In 973, Song Taizu ordered Li Yu to go to Bianjing, but Li Yu refused to go because he was ill.  Song Taizu then sent Cao Bin to lead the army to attack the Southern Tang Dynasty.

    In 975, Cao Bin captured Jinling and the Southern Tang Dynasty was destroyed.  Li Yu reigned for fifteen years and was known as the Empress Li and the Empress of the Southern Tang Dynasty.

    975 years.  After Li Yu was captured, he was granted the title of Disobedient Marquis in Bianjing and worshiped General Zuo Qianniuwei.

    In 976, Song Taizu died violently, and his younger brother Zhao Guangyi succeeded him as Song Taizong.  Changed the title to Long Guo Gong.  I wrote to someone in the old palace of Jinling: During the day and night, I wash my face with tears.  Song people's notes said that Zhao Guangyi raped Xiao Zhou many times.  In his pain and depression, Li Yu wrote famous songs such as "Looking to the South of the Yangtze River", "Midnight Song", and "Poppy Beauty".

    Ancient painters also painted "The Picture of Xiling Blessing the Empress Xiao Zhou". In "Ye Huo Bian" by Shen Defu of the Ming Dynasty: "The Picture Xiling Blessing the Empress Xiao Zhou" painted by the Song Dynasty, Taizong wears a crotch head and has a Guizhou-colored body.  Fatty, weak limbs after weeks.  Several people in the palace held it, and Zhou Hou frowned in despair.  Feng Haisu, a native of the Yuan Dynasty, wrote a poem on the picture: The plum blossoms left in the south of the Yangtze River bloomed, but they were also taken away by the king; the golden wind blew up from the strange bottom, and the imperial garden was filled with red and purple dragons.

    978 years.  Xu Xuan visited Li Yu on the order of Song Taizong. Li Yu sighed to Xu Xuan: I killed Pan You and Li Ping by mistake, and I regret it endlessly!  .  Xu Xuan retreated and informed him. Song Taizong was furious when he heard this.  According to the "Mo Ji" written by Wang Zhi of the Song Dynasty.  In the end, Li Yu was poisoned by Emperor Taizong of the Song Dynasty for writing that his motherland could no longer bear to look back and that the river of spring water flows eastward. (It is known as the drug Nux vomica, which destroys the central nervous system after taking it. His whole body twitched and his head and feet shrank.  Together, it¡¯s extremely painful).

    After Li Yu's death, he was buried in Beimang Mountain, Luoyang. Xiao Zhouhou was distraught and died soon after.

    Li Yu was born in a deep palace and grew up in the hands of women. He was tolerant in nature and did not obey orders. He liked to live and abstain from killing. After his death, when people in the south of the Yangtze River heard about it, they all cried in the alleys and became fasting.

    Li Yu has made great achievements in art.  Liu Yupan said about Li Houzhu: When he is rich, he can make rich words, and when he is sad, he can make sad words, and every word is true.

    There is a collection of Li Yu's poems, which have been lost.  There are forty-four existing poems.  Several of the early works may have been composed by others, but only thirty-eight of them can be confirmed.

    The style of Li Yu's poetry can be divided into two periods based on his capture in 975.

    Early stage©¤

    Li Yu¡¯s poems before the fall of the country reflect the luxurious, romantic and luxurious palace life. Many of his warm and beautiful works still present the atmosphere of Huajian¡¯s poems.  According to the content, it can be roughly divided into two categories: one describes the magnificent palace life and romantic love affairs between men and women, such as "Bodhisattva Man":

    The bright flowers and the moon are flying in the mist, so I can go to Langbian tonight.  Wearing socks on the fragrant steps, carrying gold-leafed shoes.  Seeing him on the south bank of the painting hall, he trembled for a while.  It's hard for a slave to come out, but he can show mercy to his master.

    Later stage©¤

    After the fall of the country, Li Yu wrote about the hatred of his family and country in his later years, which expanded the theme of his poems. His emotions were deep and his poems became more tragic.

    The most distinctive feature of Li Yu¡¯s poetry is its naturalness, sincerity, mellowness and sincerity.  He likes to use line drawing techniques, which are popular and vivid, and his language is concise, clear and clean, close to spoken language, and closely related to the words among the flowers.The style of carving greenery and piling up gorgeous words is completely different.

    Due to the great changes in life, Li Yu's later poetry made the king of the subjugated country become the king of the south in the eternal poetry world with one swan song after another.  Work began on the vicissitudes of life.

    These late-stage Ci poems are desolate and tragic, with profound artistic conception. They are great masters in the history of Ci that connect the past and the future.  As for the clarity of its sentences and the harmony of its phonology, it is unprecedented.  Such as©¤

    "Broken Array":

    In the past forty years, our country and our country have spread over three thousand miles of mountains and rivers.  The phoenix pavilion and the dragon tower are connected to the sky, and the jade trees and their branches are used as tobacco.  How many times have you ever known fighting?

    Once it is attributed to the prisoner, the waist waist Pan Xun disappeared.  On the most hasty day of farewell to the temple, the temple still plays farewell songs.  Weeping to Gong E.

    "Poppy":

    When will spring flowers and autumn moon come, how much do you know about the past?  There was an east wind in the small building last night, and the motherland could not bear to look back at the bright moon.  The carved railings and jade masonry should still be there, but the beauty has changed.  Asking you how much sorrow you can have is like a river of spring water flowing eastward.

    "Lang Tao Sha Order":

    The rain is gurgling outside the curtain, and the mood of spring is fading.  Luo Jian couldn't stand the cold at dawn. In his dream, he didn't realize he was a guest, and he was greedy for pleasure for a while.  Don't lean on the fence when you are alone. The world is unlimited. It is easy to say goodbye but difficult to see others.  The flowing water and falling flowers are gone in spring, and it is heaven and earth.

    Calligraphy and painting - He is good at calligraphy and painting, and his calligraphy: Tao Gu's "Qing Yi Lu" once said: The late master is good at calligraphy, and his pen is trembling and curved, and its strength is like cold pines and frost bamboos, which is called a golden knife.

    Writing large characters does not require a pen, and writing on scrolls and silk can be done as desired.  .  Regarding his paintings, Guo Ruoxu of the Song Dynasty wrote in "Books and Stories" that: Li Yu, the empress of Jiangnan, was talented in both calligraphy and painting.  When I look at the forest rocks and flying birds in the painting, they are far beyond the ordinary flow and higher than the unexpected.  .

    "The first collection of Yu Yin Cong Hua, Poems of the Western Qing Dynasty" mentioned that after Song Taizu conquered the Southern Tang Dynasty and unified China, he lamented: If Li Yu rules the country by writing poems, how can he be captured by me?

    Modern scholar Wang Guowei believes that: Wen Feiqing's poems are beautiful in sentences; Wei Duanji's poems are beautiful in bones; Li Chongguang's poems are beautiful in spirit.  .

    When the poets came to Li Houzhu, his vision began to expand and his emotions became deeper, so he changed the poems of Ling Gong to the poems of scholar-bureaucrats.  Zhou Jiecun put Wen and Wei under him, which can be described as confusing right and wrong.  .  This last sentence is in response to what Zhou Ji said in "Jie Cun Zhai's Miscellaneous Works on Ci": Mao Qiang and Xi Shi are the most beautiful women in the world. They are good with either strict make-up or light make-up. Their rough clothes and messy hair do not conceal their national beauty.  Fei Qing wears a strict makeup; Duan Ji wears a light makeup; the empress wears rough clothes and messes up his hair.  .

    Wang believes that this comment is to promote Wen and Wei and suppress the later masters.  There are also opinions in the academic circles that Zhou Ji means that Li Yu is not as good as Wen Tingyun and Wei Zhuang in terms of the neatness of words and sentences, etc. However, in terms of the vividness and fluency of his words, the former is obviously more vibrant and natural.  , Rough clothes and messy hair do not hide the beauty of the country.

    Li Yu's poems got rid of the frivolousness of "Flower Room Collection". His poems are not artificial, with bright language, vivid images, distinctive character, and sincere emotions. His poems written after the country's subjugation are even more broad in subject matter and profound in meaning, surpassing the poems of the late Tang Dynasty and the Five Dynasties.  , not only became the founder of the Wanyue School of Ci in the early Song Dynasty, but also laid the foundation for the Bold and Bold School of Ci. Later generations honored him as the Saint of Ci.

    Among the poems written by later generations in memory of Li Yu, Yuan Mei of the Qing Dynasty cited "Miscellaneous Odes of the Southern Tang Dynasty" as the most famous: "To be a talented person is really peerless, but to be a king is pitiful and unlucky."

    On April 10, 1957, while talking with the person in charge of the "People's Daily", he criticized the scholars for running the newspaper and said: Although the Empress Li of the Southern Tang Dynasty was versatile, he did not pay attention to politics and eventually the country perished.
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