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Chapter 163 Why is the accuracy so high?

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    ps: Yesterday, the broken butt was exposed: the 56th and half prototypes should be SKS, there is no G series in Germany, the top of the 95 is an optical sight rail instead of a handle (‡å), this is the author's mistake, and has been fixed after the reader pointed it out  Correction, thanks to everyone who gave the advice, and I apologize.  Regarding 95, there has been a lot of controversy since the day of birth, and the author will not argue on this point.  Let me just explain one thing: the novel is talking about the 95-2 improved model. This model does not exist in reality. It is just the author's imagination based on the opinions of military fans.  So it¡¯s really hard to say anything about the first edition of 95.  ¡­ ¡­ Qiao Kangsheng, a member of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, walked in the precision workshop of the Military Precision Machinery Factory with his hands behind his back and a smile, looking east and west.  From time to time, he would stop and squat in front of a certain piece of equipment, watch it carefully for a while, and then ask the operator to ask him questions while he was taking a break.  After the vacuum electroslag resmelting furnace was successfully put into use, most of the experts left due to work commitments.  There are also some experts who are not so busy. Their status and the unit cannot force them to go back. They stay here and work with the technical staff of the military division to conduct more in-depth research on the use and improvement of vacuum electroslag remelting furnaces.  Scientists are senior technicians who focus on their own business and are relatively insensitive to matters other than their own work.  But no matter how slow I am, as time goes by, I still find many things that are different from those in China.  Take the most important experimental equipment in technical research as an example. This is the basis for scientific researchers to carry out their work.  Without high-precision observation and control instruments, even the greatest scientists in the world would not be able to conduct increasingly precise microscopic research by relying solely on the naked eye and a pair of hands.  These equipments are rare in China, and no research institute can boast that they are fully equipped.  A research unit has one or two imported instruments, which are like taking care of your eyeballs. They are precious treasures: dedicated personnel to look after and maintain them; you must apply for them in advance before using them once, and then queue up; you must not go on the machine for a long time to train before using them to make sure you are proficient.  The operation time is strictly limited and cannot exceed one minute; the consumables in the test are accurate to the gram, and any more will not be approved But when they borrowed the equipment from the special alloy factory, they were surprised.  When they came, they generally knew that the technical departments of military sub-regional enterprises had their own research institutions, which were different from the large and comprehensive models of domestic large enterprises, and their technical strength was relatively weak.  A large amount of research work involves collaboration with corresponding research institutes. Companies provide research funds and designate topics, and the research institutes conduct research and verification. The research institute itself does not have much research capabilities.  But at the special alloy factory, the equipment in the laboratory building was so good that they were surprised.  Mineral phase dissociation analyzer, metal in-situ analyzer, high-temperature X-ray diffractometer, high-resolution Raman spectrometer various common and uncommon instruments in metallurgical research institutes, there are many of them!  Although the label on the instrument indicates that the production unit is the Military Division Precision Instrument Factory, the internal structure is still the familiar domestic manufacturer style.  So at first, the experts were still secretly laughing at the military subdivisions for pretending to be fat. They changed the labels of the instruments purchased in China and claimed that they were their own.  So at first, everyone just lamented that the military division had money and was willing to invest, without much emotion.  After all, as for the quality of domestic instruments, they who keep up with the development of precision instruments have the best say: It's okay, it can be used, but it's still worse than the Soviet ones, and it's even worse than a small number of imported instruments bought from Europe and the United States.  .  "The military subdivision has money, so everyone can be a little envious, that's all."  Regarding the requirements of the experts to borrow instruments, the military division performance was very generous, actively helped adjust the period of use, and allocated half of the equipment to domestic experts.  But during the waiting period, when they saw the alloy factory¡¯s own technicians actually using the equipment, they became angry: their actions were not standardized at all, and many operating procedures are strictly prohibited in China because they may damage the equipment.  And with such good equipment, they only did some very rudimentary inspection work, and the waste of materials was so great that the onlookers were furious.  These technicians are simply novices!  ¡°In China, even if they want to enter the laboratory, they will be turned away, and if they take a step closer, they will be monitored as saboteurs.  The special alloy factory has such good equipment, but it is used to train new people. This, this, is really a waste, so wasteful that outsiders like them can't stand it anymore!  But after all, this is their own private matter.  People who are rich and willful will use expensive equipment and invest heavily in consumables to train novices. No matter how dissatisfied or unbalanced the experts are, they cannot interfere.  Some well-meaning experts simply stepped forward to guide them on how to scientifically write test procedures and teach them step-by-step how to do it correctly.Operate the equipment correctly and act as their teacher.  During the teaching process, they were surprised after actually using these devices.  These equipment are obviously made from domestic materials, but the measurement accuracy and degree of automation are surprisingly high, not much worse than the imported equipment they have used!  Shocked, they quickly asked what was going on.  The technical staff of the special alloy factory were completely confused by their gaffe.  These technicians are indeed 100% novices, and only a few technical backbones are hired from China.  But even these technical backbones are second-rate in China, so they were sent here to help the military divisions establish their own small industries and scientific research systems. After arriving, they came into contact with instruments of such quality. I was initially surprised.  Soon I got used to it and didn't think it was a big deal.  Regarding the experts¡¯ inquiries, these technical backbones were also at a loss. They didn¡¯t understand why they were so startled. Isn¡¯t there such good equipment in China?  "Impossible. These equipment were originally ordered from domestic scientific instrument factories, but they were first sent to the military precision instrument factory for slight improvement. Does it need to be so exaggerated?  Being asked this question, domestic experts were also stunned, wondering if they were overreacting.  Maybe domestic instrument factories already have better equipment, but they just don¡¯t know it, or maybe the research institute didn¡¯t buy it.  So, the experts rushed to call the country and reported the copied equipment nameplate and model to the unit, saying that this model was much better than the original old model.  Ask them to ask domestic manufacturers whether they have this type of instrument, and if so, be sure to buy one.  But the information fed back from China found no such thing!  No matter whether it is Beijing, Shanghai or Wuhan, no instrument of this type has been launched.  They had taken orders from military divisions and made partial modifications to the instruments according to their requirements, but that was all, and they knew nothing about the purpose and use of the modifications.  The experts were confused about other things, but they were not slow to respond to these major events that were closely related to their research. They immediately understood that these instruments had been purposefully modified by the military division, and it was likely that some accessories had been added to improve the measurement of the instruments.  Accuracy.  The more I think about it, the more I feel like a cat is scratching my head.  After all, this is on their territory, and the improvement of the equipment must be an absolute secret that cannot be announced to the outside world. How can the military subdivision disclose it to them?  The vast majority of experts can still maintain discipline. Although they want to understand the reason, they still suppress the impulse in their hearts.  Only a handful of young and middle-aged scientific and technological workers would request to visit precision instrument factories as soon as they got excited.  When they learned about it afterwards, the leaders of the inspection team went to them and severely criticized them, saying that they were unorganized and undisciplined, seriously violated foreign affairs disciplines, and only caused problems for others.  After they finished criticizing, they turned their backs. Unexpectedly, the military subdivision agreed to their request and welcomed them to visit freely accompanied by various companies.  It is hoped that they can help the military division find problems and put forward suggestions for improvement.  This is an unexpected surprise.  The experts who received permission immediately went out collectively and visited their manufacturing workshop accompanied by office staff of the precision instrument factory.  After going there, they were greatly shocked again.  In their opinion, the construction of the special alloy factory is already of a very high standard. It is not at all like domestic metallurgical enterprises. It is dirty and messy. Various equipment, components, and raw materials are piled up indiscriminately, and dozens or hundreds of people are crowded inside.  Walk around and make the workshop as noisy as the wet market when the stalls are closed.  The factory building of the Special Alloy Factory is as clean as new. After extensive use of automated control, there is no need for too many people in the workshop. There are only about ten people in a team, and they have their own assigned positions, which makes it very orderly.  With the assistance of automated driving and rail transportation equipment, just a few people can easily do the job.  But when they arrived at the precision instrument factory, they realized what a small thing makes a big difference.  The factory building of the Precision Instrument Factory is not very majestic, but a simple steel structure factory building.  However, the internal management is so strict that even the highest-end laboratories in the country can only do this.  Various types of ultrapure water are manufactured and supplied, and strict to demanding dust removal management is maintained to keep the air clean and control particulate dust to a minimum. Even the direction and intensity of light have certain rules.  In order to ensure the highest level of cleanliness, workers sitting on the production line even wore jumpsuits that covered their heads and faces, and only watched and worked through the facial glass!  On the transmission belt, circuit boards passed in front of thousands of workers. Everyone was nervously engaged in their work and had no time to look around.  After completing a piece of work, put the circuit board on the inner conveyor belt, send it to the next link, and then load it from the outside.?Conveyor belt, pick up the next piece to work on.  Everyone has a workbench with automatic spot welding equipment, a microscope, and comprehensive testing equipment, which is comparable to a small laboratory.  What kind of production line is this? It¡¯s simply a super large-scale laboratory!  "Compared to domestic precision manufacturing companies, where the doors and windows are sealed, an exhaust fan is added, and workers wear white coats and hats, it is considered a clean factory. The conditions in precision instrument factories are simply outrageous!  Only a factory with such high cleanliness can produce such high-precision scientific instruments. After everyone saw the production line, they were all convinced.  When the domestic experts left the workshop in a daze and stumbled upon a dozen transport convoys passing by, carrying obvious characteristics of domestic instruments, they became excited.  This proves that the military subdivision has indeed purchased a large number of scientific instruments from China, and this is correct.  They happily followed the convoy and came to the warehouse, where they were surprised to find thousands of various instruments stacked up. All the product nameplates were clearly marked with the names of domestic manufacturers.  After these instruments are put into storage, some are immediately transferred to the production line.  When they came to the production line, they saw a scene that made them angry and sad: the same ultra-clean workshop, the same coveralls, but the task of this workshop was disassembly!  They cut the instruments they purchased from China into pieces, keeping the mechanical parts but discarding all the electrical parts, throwing them into the recycling bin aside like garbage.  This is the truth!  It turns out that the military subdivision purchased large quantities of scientific and educational instruments from China because its own processing capacity was temporarily unable to process a large number of precision mechanical components, nor could it produce optical components such as scientific lenses, so it purchased them from China.  But they only need these parts that are temporarily unavailable by the military district, or the production capacity is not enough to meet the needs. As for the control circuit, from the circuit board to the components, all are produced by the military district!  To put it bluntly, just like special alloy factories and precision machinery factories, between domestic and military divisions, domestic enterprises play the role of suppliers of primary processing materials and semi-finished products.  The military division is the final end of the entire production chain and is responsible for the link with the highest technical content. It conducts in-depth processing of the primary processed materials and semi-finished products purchased from the country, and then makes them into final products after fine processing, which are then sold back to the country or  Export to the outside world!  And in order to improve the automation and digital fine analysis capabilities of the instrument, the number of processors used in the circuit is simply appalling!  As long as the processor can be used, corresponding modifications have been adopted.  Depending on the complexity of data processing, from the earliest 4040 to the latest z80, 8086, and 8088, they are all available!  The latest 8086 and 8088 have not even been fully understood in China, but they have begun to be used on a large scale here!  After understanding the entire process, they no longer have any doubts about why the military division¡¯s self-produced instruments, which use domestic instruments as their core, are so precise, easy to control, and have such fine fine-tuning functions.  Even if the domestic optical components are slightly worse, if the performance of the instrument cannot be greatly improved with such cost-saving transformation by the military division, then what the hell!
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