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Text Chapter 13 Secret Talks and Peripheral Relations 1

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    ** dusted off the soot and said: "There must be a road before the car reaches the mountain. Don't worry about it for now. You continue." Next, Deng Feng told ** some conflicts between our country and neighboring countries in history. As well as Sino-US relations, China  relations with the Soviet Union, so that the Communist Party can more accurately grasp this huge and dilapidated ship of China, avoid dangerous reefs, strive for greater interests for China, and leave greater development space for future generations.  "In February 1951," Deng Feng began to tell Mao Zedong about the conflict between China and India: "The Indian government took advantage of the early days of the founding of our country when it was busy with internal affairs and had no time to take into account the Sino-Indian border issue and the war to resist U.S. aggression and aid Korea. It sent troops across the Xishan River and Tawang.  River, invaded Tawang, the capital of Menyu, and forced the local government of China, which had been exercising jurisdiction there, to relocate; at the same time, they also occupied Mago and other places in Menyu south of the "Mai Line". In October, they occupied Shangluoyu.  After the liberation of India, the Indian army did not stop encroaching on our territory and continued to invade areas north of the traditional customary line and south of the "Wheat Line".  By 1953, the Indian army had basically occupied the areas of Menyu, Luoyu, and Xiachayu. In 1954, the Indian government occupied the areas south of the "Mai Line" and north of the traditional customary line.  China established its "Northeast Border Special Zone" on 90,000 square kilometers of territory, and revised the official map, changing the illegal "McMahon Line" that had always been marked as "undemarcated boundary" for the first time.  "Demarcated" in an attempt to fix and legalize the Chinese territory it occupied. After that, the Indian army crossed the "Main Line" and advanced northward, occupying the Kanzemani and other places in Japan. In 1959, we pacified.  The armed rebellion launched by the reactionary elite in Lhasa led by Mao Zedong destroyed the social foundation for the Chinese and foreign reactionary forces to conspire to create a "Western independence" and shattered India's imaginary "buffer state" attempt.  Provoking border disputes with China and creating border tensions seriously deteriorated Sino-Indian relations. On March 22, 1959, the day when the armed rebellion launched by the reactionary upper class in Lhasa was quelled by me, Indian Prime Minister Nehru officially  Nehru wrote to Zhou Enlai and proposed a large territorial claim. Nehru not only requested that the 90,000 square kilometers of our country's territory south of the "McMahon Line" in the eastern section of the border and 2,000 square kilometers of the central section of the border that had been illegally occupied by him be added to India.  , and the territory of more than 33,000 square kilometers in the western section of the border, which has always been under the effective jurisdiction of the Chinese government, and Aksai Chin and other areas, will also be transferred to India. The total area of ??China's territory that Nehru unreasonably requested is approximately 125,000 square kilometers.  An area the size of Fujian Province. After its unreasonable demands were rejected by the Chinese government, the Indian authorities continued to pursue the "forward policy" and continued to cause bloodshed. The Chinese government prioritized Sino-Indian friendship and has been adopting armed occupation activities against India.  He restrained his attitude of tolerance and made unremitting efforts to peacefully resolve the Sino-Indian border issue, and all these efforts were considered by the Indian government as something that the Chinese Communist Party could bully. In October 1962, Nehru claimed in New Delhi: The Indian government wants to "  "Use military force to deal with China". On the 17th and 18th, the invading Indian army launched violent shelling on the Chinese border defense troops on the eastern and western sectors of the border, provoking a large-scale border armed conflict. Intolerable circumstances, our army  We launched a self-defense counterattack. In just one month, our army swept across the Indian army, defeated the Indian army, and retaken the areas occupied by India in one fell swoop. Although we won, on December 1, 1962, our army took the initiative.  Withdraw, and by March 1, 1962, all troops would have withdrawn to within 20 kilometers of the actual line of control on September 7, 1959.  Later, the captured Indian weapons, ammunition and military supplies were returned to India, and all Indian prisoners of war were released.  This move by the Chinese government is unprecedented in the history of war. These overtures made by the Chinese government have not moved India at all. The relationship between the two sides has never been eased." Deng Feng looked at ** and continued.  : "This kind of proactive withdrawal of our troops has also caused dissatisfaction and criticism from future generations: Our country has gained nothing except the word "victor", while India has gained the substantive gains of winning the war except the reputation of a loser.  !  This is a spectacle in the history of world wars. Of course, this strategic goal of quickly ending the war and minimizing the impact of the war was indeed in line with our country's domestic construction needs and the establishment of diplomatic credibility at that time.  But in the long run, after we withdrew, India did create a province in southern Tibet for large-scale immigration. Until we came to this era, we still did not take back the 90,000 square kilometers of territory, and future generations have been unable to take it back.  What solution is there?  This is undoubtedly a major failure of this war.  " After telling this, Deng Feng looked at the chairman's frown and thought: "Yes, we have no right to ask anyone. Even if the greatest person has done everything for our descendants, then we still need it.  What will future generations do?  Just leave a mouth for us descendants to eat and curse?  " ** took a sip of tea, then took out the remaining tea from the water cup with his hands, put it in his mouth and chewed it while saying: "This issue can only be discussed after the Korean war is over.  There is a world between us and India.  To solve the problem with India, we must first solve the problem of Japan. The problem of Japan is very special.  Some are historical and some are real. In addition, the mountains are high, the roads are long, and the pits are deepTake your time. We can't attack from all sides.  " ** walked to the office door, told the staff to make some more tea, and then turned around and said: "For more than a hundred years, the Manchu Qing government has left too many territorial issues in China. Now Chairman Chiang Kai-shek has thrown them at  We have a Mongolian problem.  How to solve it depends on future development." "The Mongolian problem is actually a problem with the Soviet Union.  "Deng Feng said. ** said: "It is precisely because it is the Soviet Union that it is more troublesome to solve. Let's talk about the Soviet Union first." "The Soviet Union's alliance with us now is only for its strategic interests. In the international political arena  There is no such thing as brotherhood in the world, everything is just for the benefit of one's own country.  The main reason why Stalin was willing to form an alliance with us was that the two countries had similar ideologies, and this was precisely the reason why the two countries later turned against each other. The deterioration of the relations between the two countries began with the deterioration of the relations between the two parties. The ideological conflicts intensified, and China and the Soviet Union  There was a total breakdown in relationships.  This led the Soviet Union to withdraw all experts and equipment data working in China, leaving China with many unfinished projects.  The Sino-Soviet debate became public in the early 1960s, and eventually developed to the point where the Soviet Union deployed millions of troops in the Far East. In 1969, the two countries broke out in multiple armed conflicts in the Zhenbao Island area of ??Heilongjiang and Xinjiang. The relationship between China and the Soviet Union really began to be repaired after the Soviet Union disintegrated.  Three or four years ago, when Sino-US relations had been normalized, the Soviet Union also had an interest in improving relations with China.  ** asked with some surprise: "What caused the disintegration of the Soviet Union?" Deng Feng thought for a while and said: I think there are four reasons: First, the rigidity of the system and economic decline are the fundamental cause: Stalin's socialist model is  A highly centralized and centralized political, economic, and cultural system.  Under this system, in order to deal with domestic and foreign tensions, it was effective to effectively concentrate all manpower, material resources, and financial resources to build the Soviet Union into an industrialized and military power in a short period of time. In just over ten years, the Soviet Union  Becoming the first powerful country in Europe and the second in the world.  This system is very effective under special historical conditions. However, this kind of wartime system cannot be used as a long-term fixed system model for a country. Because it seriously deviates from the objective laws of economic development, it suppresses the enthusiasm of local governments, enterprises and workers.  No matter how perfect a country's plan is, it cannot cover all needs. In addition, it ruthlessly eliminates all kinds of political opposition and strictly controls ideological aspects, leaving the entire society in a state of rigidity, closure and numbness.  .  As the world gradually enters a period of peace and development, this system has seriously hindered economic development, which is reflected in the serious imbalance in the proportion of national economic development and the systemic shortcomings that have become more prominent.  This system not only failed to complete the historic task of building the Soviet Union into a modern socialist country, but instead placed socialism in a weak position in the world competition with capitalism.  It does not show the superiority of socialism. This system cannot meet the people's growing needs for material and cultural life, causing the gap in the living standards of the people living under the two different systems to continue to increase. As a result, more and more people have lost their support.  Support and advocacy, I think this is the fundamental reason for the collapse of the Soviet Union.  The second was the personal reasons of the leaders of the CPSU at that time, who were facing a turbulent world and a difficult domestic environment.  The leaders of the Soviet Communist Party at that time were unable to assess the situation and boldly carry out drastic reforms of the current system. They lacked the courage and ability that a leader of a big country should have, causing the entire country to lose its direction and order to lose control.  At this critical juncture, he did not put the interests of the country and the people first, but only cared about his own gains and losses. He lost ground in complex political contests and finally surrendered completely.  In short, as Marx said in the article "The Eighteenth Brumaire of Louis Bonaparte": The current situation created certain environments and conditions that allowed a very mediocre and ridiculous character to play the role of a hero.  Third, there are external factors: Western countries, especially the United States, implement a subversive method of peaceful evolution towards socialist countries. While vigorously containing socialist countries, they fully promote the values ????of the Western world and openly and covertly support domestic opposition and ethnic groups.  Separatist forces. In addition to their planned peaceful evolution, the United States proposed the Star Wars plan, which induced the Soviet Union to expand its arms and prepare for war, causing the country to invest too much in its military budget, thus exacerbating the disproportionality of the national economy, especially during the Seven-Year Plan.  In the 1980s, it launched a war of aggression against Afghanistan, which caused a sharp increase in military expenditures and the accumulation of various domestic conflicts.  The fourth is that the corruption of officials led to the collapse of the party and the country. Cadres at all levels in the Soviet Union enjoyed various privileges. As early as after the Second World War, a bureaucratic privileged class gradually formed, and they enjoyed various vested interests.  Bureaucratic clan groups were formed one after another. Within these groups, sons and daughters were married, officials protected each other, and corruption and malfeasance caused a growing gap between the Soviet Communist Party and the people, and the people's support turned against them.  By the end of the 1980s, this group had become fully fledged. They had taken possession of a large amount of national wealth through various means. They were eager to see the collapse of the socialist system and the drastic changes in the socialist system so that what they had seized could be legally recognized under the new system.  Legalize wealth and be able to legitimately pass it on to future generations.  The collapse of the CPSU and the Soviet UnionThe drastic change was caused by the fact that the main part of the ruling group betrayed their previous loyalty to the system they used to rule. During the disintegration of the Soviet Union, these people took advantage of their power and colluded with each other to occupy a large number of state assets for free, and they spent nearly 70 years  The accumulated social wealth was divided up and became the new bureaucratic bourgeoisie in Russia.  " Deng Feng took a sip of tea and continued: "On December 25, 1991, Russia announced that the name of the country was changed from "Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic" to "Russian Federation".  At 18:40 on December 25, 1991, the then President of the Soviet Union, Mikhail Gorbachev, resigned.  An hour later, the red flag of the Soviet Union, the hammer and sickle that had been flying on the Kremlin for 69 years, slowly fell, replaced by the white, blue and red flag of the Russian Federation, which was finally split into 15 countries. This country was established by Lenin in 1922.  The world's first socialist country emerged, and after 69 years of ups and downs, history has come to an end.  The Soviet Union officially became a historical term.  "Although years of political struggle have long trained him to be in control of his emotions, Deng Feng still felt the unrest in his heart from the constant hissing, hissing sound of smoke coming from his body.
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