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Text Chapter 72: Sino-US Memorandum II

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    Sino-US Memorandum 2 The two sides once again talked about the issue of war claims against Japan. "As for Japan's war claims, the United States believes that it is very necessary to pursue Japan's war responsibility, but in order for Japan to restore its ability to save itself as soon as possible, all countries should reduce or reduce their war claims against Japan."  "Roster said: "The United States is willing to give China several million dollars of equipment that was dismantled from Japan from 1947 to 1949 as compensation." "First of all, I give priority to the United States' willingness to dismantle equipment from Japan from 1947 to 1949.  I am grateful to China for compensating it. But a mere few million is not enough to make up for the trauma that the Chinese government and people have suffered in the past 14 years." Li Dawei insisted: "It is necessary to hold Japan accountable for the war. You and the United States have reduced or reduced the amount of compensation to China.  Japan's claim for compensation is your internal affairs. We have no right to say three or four. China's claim for compensation against Japan is related to China's national rights and interests. On the premise that the Japanese government is committed to fulfilling its liability for compensation, we can consider it based on Japan's specific situation.  Japan's actual bearing capacity will be subject to appropriate reductions and exemptions. However, Japan's secondary industries such as the steel industry, shipbuilding and manufacturing must be dismantled and the war potential completely eliminated. Japan will only be able to focus on agriculture and the tertiary industry in the future.  Considering the actual difficulties of the Japanese people, the remaining balance of compensation after demolition can be postponed. This position of the Chinese government and people is absolutely unambiguous. This position is also a guarantee to you, the United States, that Japan will no longer become a threat to the United States.  The goal of no longer becoming a threat to world peace and security is the same." "Based on Japan's specific national conditions, we have fully considered Japan's future." Li Dawei lit a cigarette and took a deep breath. He expressed his gratitude to Japan  He made a description of the bright future of developing the future, such as the Oriental Pearl Tower, a world tourist destination, an international financial center, a casino with first-class equipment, a global service center, a dumping ground for American industrial products In short, only in this way can we meet the requirements.  Only Japan, an island country with no resources, can facilitate the division of labor in the world and build a harmonious society, harmonious Asia, and a harmonious world Rossiter expressed great interest in Japan's future industrial policy proposed by Li Dawei. Rossiter  He said excitedly: "It is indeed a good idea to let Japanese men farm and fish, while women develop the service industry! Moreover, the Japanese also have very good natural qualities in this area. Did you know? Japanese women are as tender as water and can work hard."  The service industry is very suitable for you. You will definitely make a lot of money. Good! This is indeed a good way to fundamentally ensure that Japan will no longer become a threat to the United States." Rost thought for a while and then said: "But we can claim compensation against Japan.  It involves a wide range of areas and involves many countries. It would be better to convene an international conference to resolve it together." Li Dawei knew the results of the San Francisco Peace Treaty. Historically, the United States single-handedly manipulated the Treaty of San Francisco in September 1951 when it excluded China.  The San Francisco Peace Conference with Japan deprived China of the opportunity to end hostilities and resolve the issue of war compensation through a general peace treaty.  Li Dawei thought: Even if China is allowed to participate in an international conference like this now, China will not get any more benefits. In other words, it will lose two or three billion in the next twenty years, which is huge. In the Second World War,  Among the victorious countries, China suffered the greatest losses. The losses suffered by other countries were relatively small, and it was relatively easier to deal with. In international affairs, everyone will plan for their own country. There are more wolves and less meat. How much can China get?  What? And he couldn't think of a better way for the moment, so he could only put this issue aside for now. He thought for a long time and said: "I advise you to stop meddling in other people's affairs. International conferences are also  It won't solve any problems, and China is not interested in it. No matter what, China's requirements must be met. Just say what you want. If you really want to help Japan, help them establish their tertiary industry first.  The next step for our country is to absorb some Japanese labor services and provide them with food and shelter. Two are thin and one is dry, and the pickles are enough. There is no other way to help the Japanese people solve the big problem of eating." "This guy can really brag." Rost cursed in his heart.  On the other hand, he said: "As far as I know, many Chinese people still don't have enough to eat or wear warm clothes. How can you help the Japanese?" "Hey," Li Dawei sighed and said, "Is this how Chinese people are? They are kind-hearted.  !Repaying evil with kindness, who makes us a responsible big country?" Rost thought: It is really tiring to negotiate with him, and I don't know where to get all the new concepts. This has created another "responsible big country". Next  Li Dawei raised a new question: the Ryukyu Islands issue. The Ryukyu Kingdom used to exist in the Ryukyu Islands. Just a hundred years ago, this kingdom had its own language.  During the Ming Dynasty of China, the ruler of Ryukyu Island was named King of Ryukyu.  Because of its convenient waterways, it is a trade hub for neighboring countries.  It was invaded by Japan in 1609. After Japan's Meiji Restoration, Ryukyu Kingdom was incorporated into Japanese territory in 1879, and Okinawa Prefecture was established in the same year.  In 1945, Japan was defeated. Article 8 of the "Potsdam Declaration" stated: "The conditions of the Cairo Declaration will be implemented, and Japan's sovereignty will be limited to Honshu, Hokkaido, Kyushu, Shikoku and other small islands determined by us."  Ryukyu sovereignty returned to China.  But at that time, in view of the civil war between the Kuomintang and the Communist Party, Ryukyu had no time to take care of it, so it was temporarily managed by the United States.  Li Dawei knew that in 1970, the United States and Japan signed the San Francisco Peace Treaty between the United States and Japan behind China's back, transferring the management rights of Ryukyu and Diaoyutai to Japan, which was illegal.  Ryukyu sovereignty still belongs to China.  But just sayWhat's the use of yours? Neither the Taiwan authorities nor the Chinese government did anything about the Ryukyu Islands! It seems that they never asked or asked about it. It seems that the Ryukyu Islands were given to Japan as a matter of course.  Later, many Chinese people didn¡¯t even know that the Ryukyu Islands were part of China. The Ryukyu Islands tour insisted that it was a trip to Japan. It¡¯s better for me to bring it up now. No, go back and discuss it with Deng Feng, even if you have to fight  The First World War would also attract the attention of later Chinese people. After making up his mind, Li Dawei said seriously: "There is also the issue of the Ryukyu Islands. The Ryukyu Islands have been a vassal state of our country since ancient times. The sovereignty of the Ryukyu Islands has not been and has not been lost now."  The Potsdam Declaration clearly stipulated that the sovereignty of Ryukyu returned to China. However, the Chiang Kai-shek regime at that time was busy with the civil war and did not take over the Ryukyu Islands in time. It was temporarily managed by the United States. You have worked hard these years. Now we, the People's Republic of China, are fully capable of taking over the Ryukyu Islands.  The islands exercised sovereignty and were released from the custody of the US military. On behalf of the Chinese government, I would like to express my heartfelt gratitude to the United States for its temporary management obligations in the past five years." Rossiter said: "This is not as simple as hard work. During the Pacific War, the US military in 1945  During the landing campaign against the Japanese troops on the Ryukyu Islands from March to June, the United States occupied the Ryukyu Islands and eliminated the Japanese invaders on the Ryukyu Islands. The United States paid a huge sacrifice" Li Dawei heard Rost say this  He immediately jumped up and said, "I'm sorry, I have to say something. At that time, the US military occupied the Ryukyu Islands based on the division of labor between the allies. China had the task of attacking and annihilating the Japanese invaders on the domestic battlefield and the Japanese army's expedition to Burma, and regaining the right to govern the Ryukyu Islands.  , completed by the U.S. Allied Forces on behalf of China. It cannot be yours just because you occupy it!" "Mr. Li, you are a very cultured person. You should let me finish my words before expressing your opinion." Rost was very dissatisfied.  He glanced at Li Dawei with satisfaction and then said: "For this period of time, the US allies have been fulfilling their obligations on the Ryukyu Islands, replacing China's temporary management obligations and governing the Ryukyu Islands. The United States has never had sovereignty ambitions over the Ryukyu Islands." "  HahaI'm sorry, Mr. Rossiter, please forgive me. Maybe I am too sensitive to the issue of sovereignty. I interrupted your speech very rudely. I apologize to you again." Li Dawei cursed in his heart,  "Don't gasp when the truth comes to the point." Rost said: "In order to maintain the stable transition of the Ryukyu Islands, I think that after the two countries formally sign the armistice agreement, co-management between the two countries is necessary, and will be done at the appropriate time.  At that time, it will be returned to China." Li Dawei thought for a while and said on his own initiative: "China will exercise sovereignty over the Ryukyu Islands on January 1, 1951, and prepare to establish the Ryukyu Special Administrative Region. Eventually, the Ryukyu people will govern the Ryukyu Islands.  We have worked hard for you for five years, and I am really sorry to have to work hard for you again." The two sides went through some fierce bargaining and debates over sovereignty and governance. In the end, both sides agreed: After the armistice between the two sides, one month later, the United States will  Terminate the management obligations of the Ryukyu Islands and hand them over to China, which will govern the Ryukyu Islands. China has sent 3,000 police officers to the two largest islands, Okinawa (1,204 square kilometers) and Amami Oshima (712 square kilometers), and others.  The island dispatched 1,000 police officers to the Ryukyu Islands to exercise the government's power to implement government affairs, including executive power, legislative power, judicial power, examination power, and supervisory power. U.S. military personnel and military facilities gradually withdrew with the end of the Korean War.  After the 18-month armistice between the two sides was completed, the U.S. warships could conduct temporary supplies in the Ryukyu Islands and set up a naval supply station in Okinawa with no more than 100 people. Li Dawei thought to himself: "This is a temporary addition by myself.  As for the issue, let¡¯s take back the sovereignty and governance first, and let people occupy it first. Is it up to you, the United States, to go to the police or to the field force? When the time comes, it¡¯s up to us to decide whether you can refuel the warships or not.  .It's better than leaving it to little Japan in the future. Let the big shots worry about what to do in the future. There are some things that I can't understand for a while, and I'm exhausted." Next, the two sides discussed the establishment of the two countries in each other's capitals.  Specific matters such as the time of the liaison station, the initial identity of the personnel, and the number of people were discussed. In the end, Li Dawei proposed that the liaison stations set up by both sides in each other's capitals be called "China-U.S. Economic and Cultural Exchange Center" and "U.S-China Economic and Cultural Exchange Center" respectively.  "Roster thought this was a good name. "Roster looked at Li Dawei and said, "I really hope you can be the first director of the center in the United States." "Ha ha Li Dawei said with a smile:  I hope so. Haven't we argued enough for so many days? "Despite the quarrel, I still feel that you are the most frank Chinese. Communication is very easy, and I feel very happy to negotiate with an opponent like you." Rossiter  He said very humorously: "These are your new terms, there are too many new concepts. You must publish a Li Dawei dictionary when you have time, ha ha otherwise it will be too difficult." In the end, both parties hope that this  This meeting will open up new prospects for relations between the two countries.  Both sides believe that the normalization of relations between the two countries will not only serve the interests of the Chinese and American peoples, but will also contribute to easing tensions in Asia and the world.  The memorandum of this meeting will be submitted to the respective governments as an important document in the relationship between the two countries. The two sides will decide.??No communiqu¨¦s, statements and other documents will be issued during this meeting, and the content of the talks shall not be unilaterally announced.  On December 13 and 14, in order to make the oral statements they made clear and avoid misunderstandings, both parties checked in person, sorted out the written minutes in Chinese and English, and exchanged written minutes. The next day, Li Dawei and Chen Zhongdai wrote  This important diplomatic memorandum left the United States and returned to China first. Chinese representative Li Dawei and U.S. Assistant Secretary of State Rossiter were in this heavily guarded country house outside New York when they were negotiating for future relations between China and the United States. In Germany  A shocking incident occurred in Berlin that attracted the attention of the whole world. Between 1945 and 1950, tens of thousands of citizens of the Democratic Republic of Germany fled to the Federal Republic of Germany through Berlin every year, causing the Democratic Republic of Germany to suffer huge losses.  This is something that everyone is accustomed to seeing. However, on December 7, two American-German spies were discovered stealing Soviet intelligence. The Soviet army discovered that two American armed spies were beaten to death while resisting arrest.  After wounding three Soviet soldiers, one was shot dead on the spot. The other spy robbed a light truck and fled towards West Berlin. When the spy crashed the barrier and rushed through the Soviet military station on Friedrichstrasse,  During the Charlie checkpoint, the Soviet troops guarding him fired fiercely. The spy was shot several times and drove the car to the U.S. military post. He fell on the steering wheel of the cab, bleeding profusely. A U.S. soldier  He took a first aid kit and tried to rush forward to rescue the wounded, but was beaten to pieces. Immediately, the US military also launched a fierce counterattack against the Soviet army. The battle lasted for 50 minutes, with both sides killing and wounding several soldiers. Afterwards, the two sides coordinated  A large number of tanks arrived. For a time, both sides entered a state of emergency on the 170-kilometer border in the Berlin Wall area. With ammunition loaded and knives unsheathed, a war was about to break out  The occurrence of this incident prompted the U.S. government to make a determination to retreat strategically in Asia as soon as possible, invest its strength in Europe, and prepare for a full-scale war in Europe. Two weeks after Li Dawei left the United States, U.S. Assistant Secretary of State Rossiter took Al  Qixun's personal letter to Zhou Enlai was secretly flown from Tokyo, Japan to Beijing
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