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Text Chapter 269: The Eve of the Armistice

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    Chapter 269: On the Eve of the Armistice Article 3 of the "Sino-Soviet Armistice Agreement" signed by China and the Soviet Union stipulates the specific arrangements for the ceasefire: "This armistice agreement will come into effect 12 hours after the Chinese and Soviet governments sign this armistice agreement.  The supreme commander orders and guarantees that all armed forces under his control, including all troops and personnel of the army, navy and air force, will completely cease all hostile acts in the disputed areas.  Zhu.COm In order to ensure the stability of the military armistice and facilitate the peaceful settlement of border and territorial issues between China and the Soviet Union through friendly consultations, China and the Soviet Union will retreat two kilometers from the ceasefire line within seventy-two hours after this ceasefire agreement takes effect, and withdraw all its military forces and  equipment.  After the military forces withdraw from the Demilitarized Zone, both sides shall retain a small number of engineering troops to dismantle all explosives, positions, barbed wire fences and other dangerous objects known to exist in the Demilitarized Zone that endanger the safe passage of personnel of the Military Armistice Commission Supervision Agency.  Clear signs should be set up for dismantling.  ¡¾¡¿ The two sides have stopped sending additional military personnel and equipment to the disputed areas. The rotation of personnel and replacement of equipment must be approved by the Military Armistice Commission. One person is replaced by another, and weapons and equipment of the same performance and type are replaced one by one.  Basically, entry and exit from disputed areas will be carried out at ports designated by the Military Armistice Commission under the supervision of third-party supervision agencies.  "The commanders of China and the Soviet Union shall ensure that personnel under their respective commands who violate any provisions of this ceasefire agreement shall be punished accordingly. Article 4 Arrangements for Prisoners of War Within sixty days after this armistice agreement takes effect, China and the Soviet Union shall  The total number of all prisoners of war under its custody, together with a list including name, age, gender, original unit, rank and detention number or service number, should be handed over to the other party through a third-party supervision agency.  All prisoners of war who insist on repatriation will be repatriated directly in batches and handed over to the party to which they belonged when they were captured.  All sick and wounded prisoners of war who insist on repatriation must be given priority for repatriation.  To the extent possible, captured medical personnel should be repatriated at the same time as sick and wounded prisoners of war to provide medical treatment and care during the journey.  All prisoners of war who insist on repatriation must complete the repatriation at the place set by both parties for the handover of prisoners of war within the period of ninety days after this armistice agreement takes effect.  The remaining prisoners of war who have not been directly repatriated shall be repatriated to all parties.  The two sides will conduct separate special consultations to resolve the issue. Article 5 of the armistice agreement signed by China and the Soviet Union also made arrangements for Soviet civilians in areas controlled by China: When this armistice agreement takes effect, Soviet civilians in areas controlled by China¡¯s armed forces will  Anyone who voluntarily returns to the Soviet-controlled areas will be allowed and assisted by the civil administration authorities in the Chinese-controlled areas to return to the Soviet-controlled areas under the supervision of a third-party supervision agency. China stated that in order to compensate for the losses caused by the relocation of these Soviet civilians, each  Every Soviet civilian who leaves a Chinese-controlled area will receive a cash compensation of US$300 from the Chinese government.  The civil affairs authorities in areas controlled by China are responsible for widely announcing the contents of this provision within their military-controlled areas, and ordering the civil affairs authorities to provide appropriate guidance and assistance to all Soviet civilians willing to return to areas controlled by the Soviet Union.  In order to ensure that Soviet civilians in areas controlled by the Chinese Communist Party can return to Soviet-controlled areas on an equal, voluntary, open and fair basis.  China proposed the establishment of a committee for the return of Soviet civilians.  The committee consists of six school-level officers, two of whom are appointed by China and a third-party supervisory agency.  Under the supervision of the General of the Military Armistice Commission, this committee is responsible for coordinating the specific plan for the return of the above-mentioned Soviet civilians. The committee's tasks are: to make necessary arrangements, including transportation arrangements, to accelerate and coordinate the movement of the above-mentioned Soviet civilians; select  The above-mentioned crossing points of Soviet civilians crossing the ceasefire line. In order to ensure the peaceful settlement of border territorial issues between China and the Soviet Union, the two sides agreed to resume negotiations at the deputy foreign minister level to be held alternately in the capitals of the two countries.  This ceasefire agreement was signed in Pyongyang, North Korea, at 12:00 Beijing time, March 10, 1959, and at 7:00 Moscow time, March 10, 1959, in Chinese and Russian. The Chinese and Russian versions have the same legal effect.  All provisions of this ceasefire agreement shall come into effect at 0:00 on March 11, 1959, Beijing time, and at 19:00 on March 10, 1959, Moscow time.  Head of the Chinese delegation: Li Dawei (signature) Head of the Soviet delegation: Anastas Hovhannes Mikoyan (signature) The Chinese government¡¯s certificate of full authority to the head of the Chinese delegation, Li Dawei, is  Annex 1 to this Agreement.  The certificate of full power of the Soviet Government to Anastas Hovhannes Mikoyan, the head of the Soviet delegation, is attached as Annex 2 to this Agreement.  In the vast land of the Far East, the smoke of gunpowder has gradually dissipated, and from time to time there is a sparse and sporadic gunfire, which seems to warn people that the war here is not over yet.  The eastern and central front troops participating in the battle against the Soviet Union were advancing northward at full speed.  They are looking for future ceasefire lines, looking for people who can work with them.Deploy the positions of front-line commanders of the Soviet armed forces on both sides.  North, north, north again.  At this time, the circular motion of the chariot wheels still seemed too slow.  The moment the sword is revealed, the world is shaken.  Heavy-duty airborne troops with long-range assault capabilities have made their debut.  Fighter planes plowed across the sky, and on the large transport aircraft flying over a long distance, as soon as the hatch was opened, assault vehicles were pushed out of the hatch, sowing blooming umbrella flowers in the blue sky.  This pride of the Republic, who is obsessed with flying in the sky with umbrellas in his hands, uses his actions to write the new glory of China's young airborne troops. From high altitudes and long distances, they penetrate into the Soviet Far East from high altitudes and surprise the Soviet troops in the Far East.  Important land.  On various airborne fields in the depths of the Far East, the blue sky and white clouds ushered in one after another heavily armed Chinese airborne assault squads. They integrated their infinite loyalty to the motherland and new combat concepts into each of their blood.  , the leakage point of ** is exaggerated and makes every airborne commando's blood boil.  With the unique skills, bravery, rationality, calmness and tenacity of the airborne troops, they fell from the sky to expand the territory of the motherland.  It only took them a few minutes to go from landing, searching, extricating, boarding, gathering to charging. The smoke and artillery fire were the strongest sounds in the lives of soldiers. They rushed towards the Soviet strategic locations at the fastest speed.  Most of the officers and soldiers of the Chinese People's Liberation Army do not know where the land they step on is. They only know that no matter who these lands belonged to before and what stories happened in the past, from now on, these lands under their military boots belong to China.  , this is enough. If anyone wants to go back, they can only exchange their lives. The reason is very simple, because they have paid the price of blood and lives to get these lands.  The "Operation Bear Hunt" plan formulated by the Far East Working Committee used troops from Beijing, Lanzhou, Shenyang, part of the Jinan Theater, four theaters and a Far East Corps.  Although Deng Feng is the commander of the Far East Corps and the overall commander of this "Operation Bear Hunt", he is at the same level as the chiefs of the four major military regions and has no subordinate relationship. The so-called commander-in-chief means that he has issued overall instructions to each war zone according to the plan.  Each theater has the right to carry out combat missions and formulate its own combat plans based on its own missions and requirements.  There is no right to directly command the troops in each theater.  This sometimes inevitably creates some "dirty" officialdom, making it difficult to implement effective management and command.  This also resulted in a situation of dereliction of duty like what happened to the former commander of the Xinjiang Military Region, Long Sujin. Such a situation is not allowed to happen on the battlefield, because any mistake or incoordination will cause the overall situation to be passive.  Therefore, before the war, Deng Feng asked the supreme leader to send him a "supervisory army".  The supreme leader has also taken this issue into consideration.  After soliciting Deng Feng's opinion, he sent the Minister of Defense, General Peng Da, a big name, to serve as the "supervisory force" of the "Operation Bear Hunt" as the general political commissar.  This will make it much easier to mobilize and command the troops in each military region.  "Junjun", as the name suggests, is an official who supervises the army.  In ancient times, military supervisors represented the imperial court, assisted in military affairs, and supervised generals.  During the reign of Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty, envoys were appointed to supervise the army.  It existed in the Eastern Han, Wei and Jin Dynasties, and the province was called Jianjun.  Guo Moruo had a relatively popular explanation for this: "According to the official system, the party representatives and the commander-in-chief are parallel, and they have the task of supervising the army. Since the Soviet army first used tactical nuclear weapons in the Sino-Soviet border war, China's nuclear weapons  The high-pressure counterattack and the participation of the United States and NATO in the nuclear intimidation of the Soviet Union made the Soviet Union immediately soften and demand peace talks with China in order to end this crisis that could destroy the Soviet Union in a short time. Deng Feng seized this opportunity.  At the right time, the troops who decided to participate in "Operation Bear Hunting" launched a general attack on Su in advance. Deng Feng was frightened by the "Long Sujin Incident" and worried about the situation on the western front, so he asked Mr. Peng to personally "take care of it."  "Going to the Western Front" Mr. Peng was also inspired by the great victory achieved in this battle and became energetic. He immediately said that he would go to Urumqi tomorrow to personally command the counterattack against the Soviet army that invaded Xinjiang. The next day, Mr. Peng was dressed in a clean suit.  Wearing a white military uniform, he shook hands with Deng Feng and said goodbye at Ulaanbaatar Airport, and boarded the "Sky Train" to go to the Western Front Headquarters in Urumqi. Peng Dehuai got off the plane, not bothering to take a rest, and went to the Far East Corps in the guest house of Urumqi Airport.  At the Air Force Command of the Western Theater Command, Commander Sai Fuding of the Xinjiang Military Region of the Western Theater Command, Commander Zhang Zihua of the ** Military Region, and Commander of the Air Force Commander of the Western Theater Command Wu Di and Peng Dehuai learned in detail about the latest battle situations on the western battlefield and the situation between us and the enemy on the battlefield.  After the combat deployment in the theater, he said: "The next step is that we are likely to engage in peace negotiations with the Soviet Union.  But peace is always backed by strong military strength and battlefield advantages. If the Soviet Union is not dealt a powerful blow, it will affect the next peace talks and the stability of our country's border areas and new areas.  "Yes" everyone nodded and acknowledged each otherLooking at each other with interest, it seemed that Mr. Peng was about to go on a killing spree again.  Then, Peng Dehuai lowered his face and said, "Has that Long Sujin been arrested?" Sai Fuding nodded and said, "Mr. Peng, he has been detained and is being investigated by the Far East Corps wartime military court.  Peng Dehuai was furious, "This Long Sujin is so shameless. He treats war as a child's play and the lives of soldiers as a child's play. His inaction affected the "bear hunting operation."  "The strategic deployment of the Western Front. As a result, the first-line troops failed to complete the blocking mission as scheduled, and Tacheng, Hot Spring, Huocheng and other places were lost. This caused the second-line troops to enter the battle in advance, resulting in the passivity of the Western Front, which made the Soviet Union on the Western Front  The army is very arrogant. We must kill according to law." Wu Di poured a cup of tea for Peng Dehuai and said, "Boss, don't be angry. We are actively organizing a counterattack now."  If you are not angry, how can you not be angry because he did not do this?  Peng Dehuai took a sip of tea angrily and said: "Your plan needs to be revised. Now the former Commander Deng Feng has decided to launch a general attack on the Soviet army in the eastern and central battlefields, and you will also engage in a full-scale counterattack on the western front. Do not be afraid of sacrifice.  , Don¡¯t be afraid of consumption, don¡¯t be afraid of breaking the pots and tanks. Eliminate the Soviet troops in the territory as soon as possible, and don¡¯t delay the entire campaign.¡± ¡°Boss, tell us when the next step is that we are likely to have peace negotiations with the Soviet Union.  Such a peace negotiation?" Everyone asked with a hint of doubt.  "It depends on the situation. Kim Il-sung came from North Korea yesterday, probably to negotiate peace talks with China and the Soviet Union." Peng Dehuai explained, and then added: "The Eastern Front and the Central Front are fighting very well.  According to the current development momentum, the mission will definitely be exceeded. If we fight on the Western Front at home, we can't do it in a cowardly manner and end up affecting the progress of the entire campaign. " "Boss, there are too few 'Destroyer' tanks and armed helicopters in the ground troops on the Western Front.  "Yes, can you strengthen us in this aspect?"  When we were in North Korea, we didn¡¯t even have a single tank. Didn¡¯t we also surrender the United States? How could the conditions now be so good, with absolute air supremacy, so many good weapons, and accurate information on both the enemy and ourselves on the battlefield?  "Requirements?" Then Boss Peng turned his attention to Wu Di and said, "Commander Deng Feng is going to transfer some of the aircraft from the east to support your western front. You, the air force commander, must first organize it to provide high-intensity air support for the ground forces' counterattack."  , and secondly, focus on bombing Soviet command organs at all levels, logistics supply depots, and troop assembly areas, including deep logistics supply bases and transportation hubs in Kazakhstan and Kyrgyzstan."
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