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Text Chapter 283 Put aside sovereignty and develop together

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    Chapter 283: Put aside sovereignty and jointly develop In front of the terminal building of Moscow Shecometyevo 2 International Airport, Mao Anying, deputy head of the China-Soviet border negotiation delegation, greeted the 2000 delegation who came to welcome the Chinese delegation  Many people gave an impromptu speech. He finally said with a very pertinent attitude: "China and the Soviet Union are both socialist countries, and the fundamental interests of the two peoples are the same. Zhu.COm The people of China and the Soviet Union should not be enemies of each other.  There is no reason to be enemies of each other. The two parties and governments of China and the Soviet Union must proceed from the fundamental interests of the overwhelming majority of the people of the two countries and the overall situation of the international democratic movement, put aside those narrow nationalist ideas, and truly solve the problem.  Historical issues between the two countries have turned into real issues. [ ] Before our delegation set off, Comrade MZD repeatedly asked us comrades in the delegation to talk carefully with the Soviet comrades, even if this small incident happened between China and the Soviet Union.  The minor unpleasantness and the firing of several rounds over those pieces of land are temporary. The problem must be solved. The comprehensive development of friendly relations between the peoples of China and the Soviet Union is still the mainstream and the overall situation. I believe that the Soviet comrades will do the same.  (Long time thunderous applause) Dear Soviet comrades, today our Chinese delegation comes to you in order to jointly create a society full of peace, friendship, prosperity, progress and common peace for mankind.  The Soviet Union, for the long-term peace and stability of our peoples in China and the Soviet Union, and for the vigorous development of the international political cause, comrades, let us work together." "Mao Anying's speech aroused long and warm applause from the people present. People saw that  New Hope between China and the Soviet Union Li Dawei and other members of the China-Soviet border negotiation delegation, in the presence of Vice Chairman of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the Soviet Union and Minister of Foreign Affairs of the Soviet Union Mikoyan, and Andropov of the International Liaison Department of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union,  Accompanied by First Deputy Foreign Minister Kuznetsov and First Vice Chairman Kosygin of the Soviet State Planning Commission, they went to the Kremlin where they were staying.  The entire convoy drove toward the city center along the eight-lane Leninsky Avenue, with security vehicles in front clearing the way and police officers along the way directing traffic.  The long motorcade passed through the Inner Ring Road, drove up Dimitrov Street, crossed the Moskva River, passed the Brovitsky Gate of the Kremlin, and entered the Kremlin.  This war between China and the Soviet Union has the characteristics of a modern large-scale local war fought after World War II.  It is a high-intensity, high-consumption, short-duration local war. Even if you want to fight it for ten or eight years, no one can afford it. It cannot be fought.  The next step is for both sides to mediate between the warring parties based on the pattern on the battlefield and the impact of the war on the international environment, and for the international community to mediate between the warring parties based on their own interests, so that their interests in the war are not harmed, and both sides seek to resolve the issues through political means.  problems.  No matter whether they win or lose, both sides in a military conflict will consume a lot of resources and pay huge economic and social costs.  Therefore, the two sides can only find a new balance point by means of fighting and pulling, fighting and negotiating, and using sticks and carrots alternately.  The Sino-Soviet War also brought about major changes in the strategic triangle between China, the United States, and the Soviet Union.  Weakened the power of the Soviet Union so that it could not form the image of later generations. During Brezhnev's administration in the 1970s and 1980s, the Soviet Union's military power was greatly enhanced. The number of nuclear weapons exceeded that of the United States, making it a military superpower. It promoted the "limited sovereignty theory" everywhere.  The trend of expansion.  This is China's established strategic goal.  But it cannot completely overthrow the Soviet Union. It is not in China's strategic interests to completely overthrow the Soviet Union. That would liberate the United States from Europe's defense, and would lack the restraining power of the Soviet Union as an enemy, freeing up its hands to confront China.  .  How to grasp this scale is indeed a very difficult task. After all, we are in a historical process, and everyone, even a country, is an involuntary object in history.  Neither can control the overall situation and design the course of history completely according to their own wishes.  People like Deng Feng and Li Dawei from later generations know that the conflict between China and the Soviet Union in later generations came from the struggle for leadership of the international communist movement, which is essentially different from the current struggle for territorial resources.  They knew that most Soviet leaders during this period hoped that Sino-Soviet relations should be friendly and comradely, but China could not be the boss, otherwise it would really lose its most orthodox "prestige" as the first socialist country founded by Lenin.  Deng Feng and Li Dawei thought more about the fact that it didn¡¯t matter whether socialism was orthodox or unorthodox, and it didn¡¯t matter whether they were the boss or the boss. They never took these ¡°ism¡± disputes seriously.  As for the subsequent results of the international anti-Japanese movement, as well as the positive and negative experiences and lessons, Deng Feng made it clear to the supreme leader as soon as he came to this era. The supreme leader had to learn from these experiences and lessons.  Therefore, I still strongly support some of Deng Feng¡¯s actions.  Nationalists like Deng Feng and others took advantage of the short period of more than 20 years when the supreme leader was in power.This is an extremely rare moment of strength in the history of the Chinese nation, maximizing China's interests, opening up greater space for China's future development, and occupying more resources needed for future development.  Weakening and disintegrating the Soviet Union is also to prevent Russia, a strong nation, from causing greater harm to the weak Chinese nation within the foreseeable time.  Therefore, the methods they used were all-out, and they could be described as "saying all the good things, doing all the bad, and being shameless to the end" towards the Soviet Union.  In order to achieve the best degree of maintaining the triangular relationship between China, the United States, and the Soviet Union.  In most cases, Khrushchev rarely stayed in the office, or sat down quietly, thinking carefully about the problems he faced and making comprehensive plans.  Instead, they preferred to visit farmsteads or sanatoriums near Moscow, spending their time in constant meetings with lower-level Soviet officials, foreign leaders, or guests.  However, during this period of time, he did concentrate on his work. He concentrated on processing telegrams sent by ambassadors and intelligence agencies of various countries, reading a large amount of information about China in all aspects, and preparing for the upcoming Sino-Soviet war.  We are actively preparing for negotiations between the two countries.  The Chinese delegation led by Chinese Vice Minister of Foreign Affairs Li Dawei has appeared on the long driveway leading to the meeting hall of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet in the old Tsarist Legislative Yuan building.  After being reminded by his staff, Khrushchev stood up slowly, put on a suit and a dark blue tie with white dots, walked out of the office, and came to the Tsarist Legislative Yuan, which was only two doors away from his office.  In front of the conference hall of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet on the second floor of the building, people are waiting to meet with the Chinese negotiating delegation.  In front of the conference hall door, Li Dawei stretched out his hands from a distance and said enthusiastically: "Comrade Khrushchev, I am very happy to see you again. You still look so young and so rich."  Angry." "Thank you, Comrade Dawei. I'm glad to see you again," Khrushchev said enthusiastically while hugging Li Dawei.  Both sides behaved like well-trained professional actors, as if nothing happened between China and the Soviet Union, but as if two close friends who had not seen each other for many years were meeting.  Then Li Dawei stood on the right side of Khrushchev and introduced the members of the Chinese delegation to Khrushchev one by one: "Mao Anying, special assistant to the Chinese Foreign Minister, deputy head of the Chinese delegation, studied at  Frunze Military Academy of the Soviet Union, participated in the Soviet Patriotic War. "Hello, Comrade Mao Anying, is your father in good health?" Khrushchev took Mao Anying's hand and asked.  ¡°It¡¯s okay, it¡¯s okay, he asked me to convey his greetings to you.¡± Mao Anying replied directly in Russian.  Khrushchev said repeatedly: "Thank you, thank you, Comrade MZD." Then Li Dawei pointed at Chiang Ching-kuo, who was following Mao Anying, and introduced to Khrushchev: "Chiang Ching-kuo, special assistant to the Chinese Minister of Foreign Affairs, deputy delegation of the Chinese delegation  He studied at Sun Yat-sen University in Moscow and Tomaka Red Army Military Academy in Leningrad. " Khrushchev shook Chiang Ching-kuo's hand and said, "I know, I know you, Comrade Chiang Ching-kuo, was in the Soviet Union from 1925 to 1937.  I have been studying and working for 12 years. In January 1936, the Soviet newspaper "Pravda" also published an open letter condemning your father, right?  Comrade, you are worthy of being a great leader of the Soviet people, and your memory is really good."  Khrushchev was very helpful, but he still held Chiang Ching-kuo's hand very modestly and said: "No, I am 65 years old this year. I am too old to compare with you young and powerful second-echelon comrades.  "You are only 49 years old this year, right?" Then he glanced at Mao Anying who was standing next to Li Dawei and said, "Anying is even younger, is she only 37 years old?" Mao Anying nodded in agreement.  "Comrade Dawei, are you also 49 years old this year?" Khrushchev turned to Li Dawei and asked.  "Yes, Jingguo and I are the same age, both were born in 1910," Li Dawei replied with a smile: "However, Comrade Khrushchev, you really don't look like a man in his 60s. You are in good health."  Like a young man." After everyone exchanged greetings, they entered the meeting hall of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet.  The two parties sat on either side of a long rectangular conference table covered with green baize.  Khrushchev took a sip of the mineral water in front of his seat and said: "I just listened to Comrade Mao Anying's speech at the airport. He said it very well, 'China and the Soviet Union are both socialist countries.  The fundamental interests of the people are the same. The people of the two countries should not be enemies of each other, and there is no reason to be enemies of each other. Comrades, we should all know that we have the historical responsibility of liberating the proletariat of all mankind, the Soviet Union and China.  The people have always been very friendly. The Soviet party and government are extremely happy and inspired by every victory achieved by the Chinese people in socialist revolution and socialist construction.??The consistent policies of the Soviet party and government are even the cornerstone of our Soviet diplomacy.  Now the two fraternal socialist countries of the Soviet Union and China are fighting to the death over territorial issues. This is not conducive to the entire international democratic movement and is not conducive to the well-being of the two peoples.  Of course, these problems are left over from past history.  How to solve these problems, I think both of us should get out of the vicious circle where no one can explain or explain how these disputed territories came into being. Now we both sit down and discuss how to eliminate these troubles between us and how to get rid of these disputes.  Come up with a solution where both parties can come to terms with the past.  This is our next main task.  The key to solving the obstacles to the normalization of relations between the two parties and the two countries now does not lie with the Soviet Union, but with the attitude of the Chinese leaders.  ¡± After Li Dawei listened to Khrushchev¡¯s programmatic speech, he did not care whether Khrushchev could now solve the problem.  He said: "We completely agree with Comrade Khrushchev's opinion that both sides should get out of the vicious circle of how the disputed territories were formed and no one can explain.  Now we both sit down and discuss together in a pragmatic spirit what we can do to better benefit the interests of the two peoples and the international democratic movement, so as to resolve once and for all these existing problems between China and the Soviet Union.  question.  " Li Dawei looked at Khrushchev and said: "We believe that we should no longer be entangled in the past, and look further. To put it simply, we should end the past and open up the future.  By ending the past, you can stop talking about it and focus on opening up the future.  As Comrade Khrushchev just said, no one can explain the past events clearly, and it is easy to cause disputes. Once an argument breaks out, everyone will have their own reasons, and in the end no problem can be solved.  Let the past go, overthrow all the things that imperialism and feudalism have imposed on the proletariat of our two countries, and let us, the socialist people who are truly the masters of our own country, start over. This kind of thing is more in line with the situation.  The fundamental interests of the overwhelming majority of the people of the two countries and the interests and aspirations of the proletariat of the world.  " Khrushchev thought to himself, you China is taking advantage now, so just end the past, don't talk about the past, just let the past go. However, what else can you do if you don't get over it? You can't beat it again and again. Still.  Let¡¯s focus mainly on opening up the future. So he said: ¡°Okay, I very much agree with Comrade Li Dawei¡¯s forward-looking attitude. Let¡¯s talk about Comrade Li Dawei¡¯s way of ending the past and opening up the future.  Bar.  Mikoyan immediately went on to say: "Then please ask the Chinese comrades to talk about how to end the past and how to open up the future." "Our opinion is" Mao Anying then stated the Chinese opinion: "First, based on the current ceasefire line  Second, in the area east of the Ural Mountains, west of Lake Baikal, and south of 53 degrees north latitude, the two sides will set aside their sovereignty and jointly develop and establish a Sino-Soviet cooperative special economic zone.  According to the special zone law, neither China nor the Soviet Union will station troops in this special economic zone. The security in the special economic zone is in accordance with the special zone law and is the responsibility of the mixed public security police forces of China and the Soviet Union. How to develop and construct this special zone and how to deal with the original Soviet enterprises  Comrade Chiang Ching-kuo will elaborate on it later, but in general, it will definitely be beneficial to the people of China and the Soviet Union, and it will be more beneficial to the entire socialist camp. "The appetite of the Chinese people is really huge.  Members of the Soviet delegation were stunned by Mao Anying's suggestion.  If according to China's opinion, almost half of the Soviet Union's Asian region is cut off, the remaining area north of 53 degrees north latitude will almost be a frozen land area.  Kosygin, the First Vice Chairman of the Soviet State Planning Commission, frowned and said: "Then please let the Chinese comrades talk specifically about what these very strange statements about 'putting aside sovereignty and jointly developing Sino-Soviet joint venture zones' mean?" "  "Okay, let's ask Comrade Jiang Jingguo to explain it to the Soviet comrades." Li Dawei said: "However, let me reiterate that we are here mainly to solve problems. We will talk about some of the views of the Chinese people and the Chinese Party.  , Soviet comrades, please don't rush to deny it, and we don't want to argue. If you have different opinions, we won't argue with you, as long as it is beneficial to the solution of the problem.  It is conducive to the comprehensive development of friendly relations between the peoples of China and the Soviet Union, and is conducive to the long-term peace and stability of the two peoples. Specific issues are easy to discuss." After Li Dawei finished speaking, he motioned to Jiang Jingguo to answer Kosygin's question.  "There is an old Chinese saying that distant relatives are not as good as close neighbors. China and the Soviet Union have a long border, and we are close neighbors whether you like it or not. This is a fact that no one can change. So can we be good neighbors?"  Chiang Ching-kuo asked and answered his own questions and said: "In the process of forming the long border between China and the Soviet Union, many things were left behind.?In places where the origin is unclear, everyone says that it was left by their ancestors and that they enjoy sovereignty.  This is the fundamental reason affecting the relations between China and the Soviet Union.  This will inevitably lead to some unpleasantness, and even the use of hands, feet, guns, and atomic bombs like this time. This time it was only because of our extreme restraint that we did not cause the destruction of the Soviet Union.  " Jiang Jingguo scanned his notebook and said, "Then how can we solve this problem?  How to resolve this contradiction?  Of course, the easiest way is to use force to solve it. If I beat you away, this place will be mine.  If you fight me off, this place will be yours.  Is this okay?  Of course.  But in this way, we will not be good neighbors and good brothers, and it will be impossible for the two peoples to have long-term peace and stability.  To solve this problem, we came up with this solution that is not a solution.  That is, no one can tell whose name it is, and everyone should develop it together.  Just like a piece of land, everyone works together to plant it, and everyone shares the harvested grain.  This is the concept of putting aside sovereignty and developing together.  "
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