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Volume 3: A blow of destiny, the king appears Chapter 104: This path is right

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    After Fu Sinian attended several lectures, he commented on Hu Shi: Although this man has not read many books, he is taking the right path. You can't make trouble.  So Hu Shi stayed in the Philosophy Department of Peking University.

    Hu Shi likes to talk about Mo. He believes that if you want to know the order of evolution of a school of thought, you must first examine the era when this school of thought came into being and developed.  Now when we talk about Mozi¡¯s theory, we should know when Mozi was born.  The thought of universal love became Hu Shi's lifelong moral character.

    Hu Shi also believed that the connection between heaven and man was the root doctrine of Confucianism in the Han Dynasty, which was influenced by Mozi's will of heaven.

    In 1921, Liang Qichao compiled the annotations of his work "Mozi" into four volumes of "Composition and Commentary of Mozi" and sent it to Hu Shi for a preface.  In this long preface, Hu Shi praised Ren Gong's contribution, but also put forward his own opinions.

    He believed that Mozi had never seen the death of the famous Warring States general Wu Qi - when Wu Qi died, Mozi had been dead for many years, and Mohism had become a religion.  Ren Gong often said: There are many talented people in Jixi, including Hu Shizhi recently.

    In 1917, when Hu Shi was still a graduate student at Columbia University in the United States, he published "A Preliminary Opinion on Academic Reform" in "New Youth", advocating the use of vernacular writing, which was groundbreaking and caused great repercussions.  Later, Tang Degang revealed in "Miscellaneous Memories of Hu Shi" that the article Hu Shi wrote at that time was originally used by the "Overseas Students Quarterly" edited by the United States. Later, he copied a copy and published it in "New Youth" hosted by Chen Duxiu.

    Published "On the Historical Concept of Learning" (1917), "On the Academic Revolution in Construction" (1918) and other papers, arguing that dead words can never produce living learning.  If China wants to have active learning, it must use the vernacular, it must use the national language, it must do the study of the national language, advocate the study of the national language, and learn the national language.

    It is known as the most majestic declaration of learning revolution (Zheng Zhenduo¡¯s words).

    1919.  In his letter to Cai Yuanpei, the conservative Lin Shu attacked the vernacular and said: If all the ancient books are abolished and the vernacular is used as writing, then the language used by people who sell pulp will be the same. According to it, there are laws. According to this, all the capital  Any barnyard vendor in Tianjin can be used as a professor.

    In 1920, he published the first collection of vernacular poems in the history of China's New Learning, "Try Collection".  The new poems in "The Collection of Trials" are full of experimental nature and are not mature.

    The poet Yu Guangzhong believes that the importance of Hu Shi and others in new poetry is mostly historical, not aesthetic.  Zhou Ce commented on Hu Shi's new poems as fresh but lacking in hazy interest.

    After the publication of "Attempt Collection", it indeed caused considerable repercussions.  The feudal retroists opposed it.  Hu Xiansu, a professor at Southeast University of the Xueheng School, wrote a long text of more than 20,000 words in Chinese: "Commentary on the "Collection of Attempts".

    Hu Xiansu said: Hu Shijun's "Try Collection".  Study by death.  It must die and decay.  It is not because of the use of movable characters that one can achieve immortality.  When an object is about to die, its spirit will lose its normal state, and its words and actions will fall out of its ordinary course.  The recklessness and collapse of Hu Jun's poems went to extremes, which was a sign of his mortality.

    The first one to write a one-act play "A Lifetime Event" in vernacular.  Established a new form of modern drama.  In the plot, the heroine leaves behind a note about the child's life-long events, a note that the child should make his own decision, and runs away from home with her lover.  This is influenced by Henry and Ibsen's "A Doll's House".

    Hu Shi's novel "A Question" opened the first genre of issue novels in modern Chinese novels. Representative writers of issue novels include Ye Shengtao, Luo Jialun, Yang Zhensheng, Bing Xin, etc.

    In terms of modern Chinese academics, Hu Shi was the first to introduce Western methods to study Chinese academics.  He first adopted the system and methods of modern Western philosophy to study Chinese pre-Qin philosophy.

    Cai Yuanpei praised Hu Shi's "Outline of the History of Chinese Philosophy" for its strengths of proof methods, concise means, equal vision and systematic research, calling it the first new history of philosophy.

    Feng Youlan has repeatedly affirmed the "Outline of the History of Chinese Philosophy" and believes that it demonstrates the modernization work of research on the history of Chinese philosophy.  Hu Shi¡¯s pioneering contribution cannot be forgotten.

    Hu Shih wrote in the classic novels "A Dream of Red Mansions", "Water Margin", "Journey to the West", "Romance of the Three Kingdoms", "Three Heroes and Five Righteousnesses", "Biography of Flowers on the Sea", "Biography of Sons and Daughters of Heroes", "The Appearance of Officialdom", "Old Disabled People"  The research on twelve novels including "Travel Notes" has been very successful, and he has written 600,000 words. The collection was published as "Critical Research on Chinese Chapter Novels".

    Hu Shi is the founder of the New Red School - the Textual Research School.  It can be said that he was the first person to bring the novel into the right track of academic research, replacing the old red school of Suoyin School represented by Cai Yuanpei.

    Hu Shi said in "Research on the Dream of Red Mansions": I would like to advise those who love to read "Dream of Red Mansions": If we want to truly understand "Dream of Red Mansions", we must first break this far-fetched "Dream of Red Mansions" mysteries!

    Hu Shi is the discoverer and owner of the "Qianlong Jiaxu Zhiyanzhai Review of Stone Records" (the so-called Jiaxu).  And then a series of precious editions such as "Gengchen" were discovered, which laid an important foundation for modern redology research.

    In the process of writing "History of Chinese Zen", Hu Shi came into contact with the records of the debate between Shenhui and Beizong.I felt that it would be difficult to write a good history of Zen Buddhism without writing about Shen Hui.

    1926.  Hu Shiyin successively discovered three volumes and one fragment in Paris and London, containing about 20,000 words of information about the monk Shenhui, namely "The Sayings of the Monk Shenhui" and "Bodhidharma Nanzong's Theory of Right and Wrong", and discovered it again in London.  After reading Shenhui's "Xianzong Ji", he not only wanted to rewrite the entire history of Zen Buddhism from scratch, but also emphasized that the great monk Shenhui was actually the true founder of Zen and the original author of the "Tan Sutra".

    Master Yinshun believes that this is his conclusion that is undesirable. Hu Shi ignored the part of the Japanese scholar Hu Hua Gu Kuai Tian, ??but it still made a contribution to the study of the history of Zen Buddhism.

    Hu Shi changed the issue of research on the history of Zen Buddhism at that time from the inheritance of the twenty-eight ancestors of the Western Heaven to the issue of the revolutionary family status of Zen Buddhism.  Without Hu Shi's judgment, there would not have been so many responses and research results from the Japanese Buddhist community, and it would be impossible for Chinese Zen studies to achieve what they are today.

    Therefore, Master Yinshun¡¯s research results actually benefited from Hu Shi¡¯s previous contributions.  Hu Shi said: For more than a thousand years, almost no one knew the status of the Shenhui in the history of Zen Buddhism. There is nothing more unfair in history than this.

    In 1974, Japanese scholar Yanagida Seishan collected Hu Shi's speeches, manuscripts, letters, etc. and compiled it into "Hu Shi's Zen Study Case".

    In 1926, Hu Shi was sent to the UK to attend the Sino-British Boxer Indemnity Committee meeting. He also went to the British Museum and the National Library of Paris to look for Zen historical materials in the Dunhuang manuscripts stolen by Stein and Pelliot.

    When Hu Shi arrived in Paris, Fu Sinian, who was studying at the University of Berlin in Germany, also came to Paris to live with Hu Shi and jointly study the Dunhuang manuscripts.

    Hu Shi admitted that many of his ideas were influenced by Fu Sinian.  Basically, Hu Shi's research on Zen Buddhism is to affirm the theory of gradual cultivation of Shenxiu of the Northern Sect and deny the theory of epiphany of Huineng of the Southern Sect, and to prove that the so-called story of the Fifth Patriarch Hongren passing on Huineng's robes in the Sixth Patriarch Altar Sutra is just a Shenhui of Huineng's disciples.  A myth created by a monk in order to compete with Beizong for royal support.

    In 1942, after Hu Shi resigned as ambassador to the United States, he began to pay attention to the research of "Shui Jing Zhu". In the next 20 years, he spent a lot of energy on the research of "Shui Jing Zhu" edition.

    The so-called "Shui Jing Zhu" case refers to the fact that for more than a hundred years, some scholars accused Dai Zhen of stealing Zhao Yiqing's research results on "Shui Jing Zhu".  In this regard, there are generally two views in the academic community: one is that Dai Zhen plagiarized Zhao Yiqing's results; the other is that Zhao Yiqing, Quan Zuwang, and Dai Zhen conducted separate research and achieved roughly the same results.

    In more than ten years, Hu Shi collected more than 40 editions of "Shui Jing Zhu", copied more than 100 long chapters and some textual research texts, and used thousands of evidences in order to overturn almost 10% of the so-called plagiarism of Dai Zhen.  The unjust case of the editor of Zhao Yiqing's "Shui Jing Zhu".  But some scholars think it is a waste of effort.
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