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Volume 3: A blow of destiny, the king appears Chapter 106: Philosophers are different from philosophers, two concepts

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    Hu Shi and Chen Duxiu were both central figures of the May Fourth Movement.  The first scholar to advocate vernacular and new poetry, he was committed to overthrowing the spoken language of more than two thousand years.

    Mr. Gu Jiegang said that he learned this academic method by reading Hu Shi's "Water Margin Textual Research".

    In the 1930s, Hu Shi had a unique vision and promoted, appointed, and helped Liang Shiqiu complete the translation of the complete works of Shakespeare, which was later known as one of Liang Shiqiu's three greatest achievements.

    The first Chinese Party school, Hunan Self-Study University, was established because of Hu Shi¡¯s proposal and advocacy.  He mentioned in his letter to Hu Shi: Your students.

    Scholar Xuan Daohua believes that the May 4th period was also influenced by the pragmatism of Hu Shi and Dewey, and the ideological viewpoint of integrating theory with practice has much in common with them. Hu Shi also praised the editor-in-chief of the "Xiangjiang Review" for the first few years in the "Weekly Review"  content of the issue.

    Although Ji Xianlin was not a student of Hu Shi (his teacher was Chen Yinke), he was proficient in Sanskrit, Pali, and Tocharian and was promoted by Hu Shi when he returned to China.

    When Lin Yutang was studying abroad, the Qing government canceled its funding for overseas students. Lin Yutang continued to study abroad with Hu Shi's funding.  When he got off the airport after returning to China, he only had 1 cent in his pocket.

    Lu Xun and Chen Xiying both accused Hu Shi of advocating reorganizing the national heritage as a move that set back the wheels of modern science.  Even Zhou Zhiping, an expert on Hu Shi, believes that the arrangement of national heritage advocated by Hu Shi has not had any positive effect on the development of Chinese natural sciences, and has even led a group of young people to the old path of Qianjia research.  (See Zhou Zhiping-Hu Shicong's Theory)

    Lei Zhen founded Free China Magazine in order to promote democracy and freedom, and asked Hu Shi to be the publisher.  Free China magazine was once the only stronghold of democratic thought under Chiang Kai-shek's authoritarian rule of dictatorship and suppression of free speech. However, it later got into trouble for criticizing Chiang Kai-shek and the Kuomintang and planning to set up an opposition party and ask Hu Shi to lead it. It was suspended and Lei Zhen was also framed.  jail.  However, Free China promoted democratic thought and freedom of speech advocated by Hu Shi, which later influenced Taiwan's non-party movement and the establishment of the Democratic Progressive Party. It was the sower of Taiwan's democratic movement.

    Li Ao heard about Hu Shi¡¯s name when he was in primary school in Peking.  After arriving in Taiwan, he borrowed a copy of "Hu Shixuan". After reading it, he was overwhelmed by the brand-new ideas and clear language, which aroused his "great fanaticism" and made him give up the old ideas in "confusion."  the way".

    1952.  Li Ao handed Hu Shi a long letter of 2,000 words at Taichung Station, expressing his "personal worship" of Hu.

    In 1953, after Li Ao entered the third grade of high school, he took a break from school at home and devoted himself to self-study.  The end of this year.  The four volumes of "Hu Shicun" were reprinted and distributed by Far East Book Company.  Many chapters were deleted from the joint printing. After comparing it with the original version, Li Ao was deeply dissatisfied and wrote "About "Hu Shicun"" to criticize it. It was first published in "University Magazine" edited by his classmate Lu Xiaozhao, and later deleted part of it.  It was changed to "Free China" run by Lei Zhen, and published in the fifth issue of sixteen volumes of the journal on March 1, 1957, with the title "Starting from Reading Hu Shicun".

    "Chen Zhifan and Hu Shi were close friends for many years, and he was sponsored by Hu Shi to study in the United States.  The letters to Hu Shi are included in "Letter to Hu Shi from University Times".

    Hu Shi launched the Xinhua Movement.  He is also a master of Chinese classical studies.  He also received the baptism of Western Ming.  In 1962, Chiang Kai-shek's handwritten elegiac couplet highly summarized this, saying: a model of old morality in modernization, and a teacher of new ideas in old ethics.

    Hu Shih was a figure criticized by the authorities during the ultra-left period in mainland China from the 1950s to the 1970s.  He was especially the target of attacks by far-left Stalinist scholars. At that time, textbooks in mainland China once denied his political thought.

    Early 1950s.  A large-scale critical movement was launched against Hu Shi.  After the revolution, research in recent decades has tended to affirm his due historical status; and Hu Shi's "My Mother" has also been selected into the mainland's full-time language education junior high school courses; in mainland newspapers and magazines  , there are also many chapters commemorating the spirit of Mr. Hu Shi.

    In Tang Degang's "Hu Shi's Oral Autobiography", he is called an incorrigible optimist.  Hu Shi¡¯s self-positioning is: Sometimes I call myself a historian; sometimes I call myself an intellectual historian.  But I never claimed to be a philosopher or any other expert in any field.

    Lu Xun once published "Good Governmentism", etc., which actually criticized Hu Shi's ally Liang Shiqiu, but also implicitly criticized Hu Shi's weak revolutionary stance.

    Hu Shi's thoughts in his later years are no different from his thoughts in his middle-aged and teenage years. Therefore, as Mr. Tang Degang said, people who have read Hu Shi's "Autobiography at Forty" will find it difficult to see in this oral account ("Hu Shi's Oral Autobiography")  New thing.

    However, Mr. Tang Degang mentioned in "Miscellaneous Memories of Hu Shih": Therefore, if we want to understand Hu Shih's thoughts in his later years, we can only seek it out when Hu Shi was talking about it and talking and laughing with personal friends.  Mr. Hu is not as straightforward as Liang Rengong.  Think about yourselfThe chapter about "challenge" cannot be found in Hu's works.

    Yu Yingshi's "Hu Shih in the History of Modern Chinese Thought" stated: For such an enlightenment figure, we can neither measure him by the standards of traditional Chinese Confucian scholars nor the level of modern Western professional philosophers.  "Outline of the History of Chinese Philosophy and Historiographic Revolution" also said: It is true that he did not go deep into Western learning, but it was precisely because of this that he did not drown in the sea of ??Western learning.

    In "Looking at Hu Shi's Life from the Diary", it is also said that it is undeniable that he has basic training in both Western philosophy and the history of philosophy.  This training finally made him a pioneer in the field of Chinese philosophy history. We cannot underestimate his philosophical knowledge too much. The philosophical training he received in the United States in the last three or four years has reached the general level at that time and is sufficient.  He studied the history of Chinese philosophy.

    Mr. Tang Degang gave him a very high evaluation in the book "Miscellaneous Memories of Hu Shizhi": The great thing about Mr. Hu Shizhi is that he was originally the founder of the Xinhua Movement in our country. However, after fifty years of testing, he has neither faded nor failed.  Even if it is extreme, it is not out of date.

    He has consistently maintained his position as an unbiased mainstay.  Be the first to create a trend, and be the first in the apricot altar; seek truth from facts, set an example for social ethics, and guide our ancient Ming Dynasty to the road of modernization.  After being familiar with the history of Chinese civilization for nearly a hundred years and comparing the talents with each other, I still think that Teacher Hu is the first person in the contemporary era!

    Wen Yuanning commented in "Not Enough of a Confidant": Because Dr. Hu has taught philosophy at National Peking University for many years, people call him a philosopher.  Of course, he is a philosopher.  But the title philosopher is certainly not sufficient to describe all his activities.

    Because he often wrote chapters for publications and commented on issues of general concern, he was also known as a pamphleteer.  Yes, he was a pamphleteer, but if he was thought to have the opportunism and mentality of a pamphleteer, this title would be a great slur against him.

    Because Dr. Hu never gave up worldly wealth, some people said that he was a secular person. Yes, he was indeed a secular person. However, the people who could create such an impression were limited to a group of fair-weather friends he met at a banquet.

    If there is a name in the world that can be used to call a person like Dr. Hu, I think the difference between philosophy (note the difference between philosophy and philosopher) used in the 18th century originally refers to the 18th century philosophers such as Diderot, Rousseau and  Those Enlightenment thinkers and philosophers represented by Voltaire, if you understand them, you will understand the meaning of this word.  ¡³¡ª¡ªThe philosopher is just right.

    Voltaire, d'Alembert, Holbach, Helvetius, Diderot and Jeremy Bentham were all philosophers.  In them, there are all elements of laymen, scholars, practitioners and philosophers.

    They all have accurate views on the structural patterns of the universe, they all write with the optimism and confidence of a doer, and they all use bright and authoritative pens to talk about all kinds of issues under the sun.

    No matter whether it is right or wrong, they all have the courage to express and stick to their opinions.  Among such a group of philosophers, Dr. Hu is not the least outstanding one.  In China, I dare not say that he is not the only contemporary philosopher.

    Ji Xianlin once commented that Hu Shi was a scholar, or to put it mildly, a nerd.  To cite a small incident, Hu Shizhi announced before a meeting that he would leave the meeting early. Someone suddenly mentioned "Shui Jing Zhu" at the meeting. Mr. Hu Shizhi immediately became energetic, beaming, and eloquent, and even forgot about leaving the meeting early.

    Hu Shi: In a normal country, the responsibility for politics lies with adults, and young people are interested in sports, entertainment, and making friends of the opposite sex. In a perverted country, where politics is too high and there are no institutions representing public opinion, the responsibility for interfering in politics must fall.  in young students.

    According to the official Nobel Prize database, Hu Shi was nominated as a candidate for the Nobel Prize in 1939.
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