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Text Chapter 311 Diplomatic pursuit

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    Chapter 311 Diplomatic Pursuit Japan is one of the countries that plunders and collects the largest number of Chinese cultural relics. There are countless Chinese cultural relics in museums across Japan. Almost all of Japan¡¯s more than 1,000 public and private museums have Chinese collections, and the number should be  Among the millions of pieces of Chinese cultural relics collected in Japan are Ma Yuan's "Dongshan Water Crossing" and "Hanjiang Fishing Alone", Liang Kai's "Snowscape Landscape", "Li Bai's Chanting", "Li Bai's Songs" and "The Sixth Patriarch".  "Bamboo Cutting", Li Di's "Red and White Hibiscus" and later works were auctioned in Beijing for a sky-high price of 436.8 million yuan, setting a world record for Chinese art transactions.  The little-known Northern Song Dynasty calligrapher Huang Tingjian's "Inscription on the Pillar Pillars" and many other masterpieces are among the most famous.  ¡¾¡¿ The calligraphy of Wang Xizhi, the famous calligrapher and "Sage of Calligraphy" in the Eastern Jin Dynasty, has been popular in Japan and will last for thousands of years.  Wang Xizhi's "Sang Luan Tie" was introduced to Japan in the Tang Dynasty, or it was brought by monk Jianzhen when he went eastward. It was collected by the Japanese royal family and is considered to be Wang Xizhi's only authentic work in existence.  Because Japan is greatly influenced by China, Japanese people are very devoted to Chinese culture.  During the Sui and Tang Dynasties, the Japanese royal family rewarded those who obtained more Chinese documents and treasures.  The Japanese "returned all the books on the market and returned them to the sea", and the ancient books they brought back accounted for half of the Sui and Tang court collections, amounting to more than 1,800 volumes and more than 18,000 volumes.  In the 1980s, Japan collected more than 7,500 ancient Chinese books before the Qing Dynasty.  Among the 700,000 books in Japan's Oriental Bunko, Chinese ancient books account for 1/3.  Many of these "secret books, the only ones in the world" that have been passed down from China to Japan have been treasured for thousands of years, and the ancient books are the most spectacular.  The maritime "Road of Books" has enabled many rare and lost Chinese books to survive in Japan, which contain rich and profound thoughts and philosophies.  It has played a huge role in the excavation, organization and research of Chinese ancient books and other cultures.  "" Today, with the rise of China and cultural renaissance, is it necessary for us to recover, demand, and return all these cultural relics collected in Japan that have enabled Chinese culture to be relatively intact?  The temporary implementation of "sovereignty belongs to me and you will keep it" is undoubtedly the best way to deal with the cultural relics looted from China since 1840. Of course, it can only be far behind the Chinese cultural relics obtained through legal means before 1840.  .  In 1961, a Chinese cultural delegation visited Moscow and held talks on further strengthening cultural and scientific exchanges between China and the Soviet Union.  China requires the Soviet Union to follow Article 1 of the Second Planning Declaration: "The government of the Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic declares that all treaties concluded between previous Russian governments and China are invalid, and renounces all territory previously seized from China and everything within China.  "Russian Concession, and everything that the Tsarist Russian government and the Russian capitalist class took from China will be returned to China permanently and free of charge", and the cultural relics plundered by Tsarist Russia from China will be returned to China.  In this regard, the Soviet Union stated that many of the Chinese cultural relics plundered by the Tsarist Russian army were taken away by the old Tsarist Russian nobles who had been exiled abroad and sold to their new country of residence.  The Soviet Union is currently unable to do anything about this part of cultural relics.  The other part is stored at the Institute of Oriental Studies in St. Petersburg. The Soviet Socialist Federal Government has never considered it to have ownership of these ancient porcelain, statues, books and other cultural relics that belonged to the Chinese people and were robbed by Tsarist Russia.  It is also the wish of our Soviet government and people to return socialist China to our brothers as soon as possible.  The attitude of the Soviet Union is good, but it is a bit bad to only come up with a return list of more than 6,000 Chinese cultural relics.  Tsarist Russia was also a big plunderer of cultural relics from China. It often "pulled" cultural relics and treasures from China and came up with a return list of more than 6,000 Chinese cultural relics, which was obviously not enough.  The reason why the Soviet Union did this was that after the Soviet Union overthrew the Tsarist government, they did not allow these disgraceful "trophies" that clearly bore the mark of Tsarist Russia's aggression to be released to the market. The cultural relics looted by Tsarist Russia in China were almost unknown during the Soviet period.  Without public appearances, little is known about how much.  But this time they made the wrong calculation again.  The Chinese delegation immediately took out a copy of the catalog of the collection of the Institute of Oriental Studies in St. Petersburg and handed it to the Soviet side. The copy of the collection catalog not only included cultural relics from the Ming and Qing Dynasties in the Old Summer Palace and the Forbidden City of China, but also  The more precious 12,000 Dunhuang suicide notes once again made the Soviets feel scared of China's intelligence system.  How these high-level Soviet secrets fell into the hands of the Chinese seems to be enough for the KGB to keep busy for a while.  The source of this information from China is very simple. Regarding the Chinese cultural relics plundered by Tsarist Russia, after the collapse of the Soviet Union, Chinese research institutions collaborated with Russia to compile some cultural relics books.  The catalog obtained from there was published in a cultural heritage magazine after returning.  The library of the middle school at the base subscribes to this magazine.  After the base came to this era, almost every piece of information, even primary and secondary school textbooks, became important top-secret materials and important information sources for the country.  China has stated that these cultural relics must be returned to China unconditionally.The 12,000 Dunhuang suicide notes currently hidden by the Soviet Union at the Institute of Oriental Studies in St. Petersburg are second only to China. China is the second largest collection of Dunhuang suicide notes in existence. The rest have been divided up and plundered by Britain, France, Japan, Austria, Sweden and other countries.  .  After nearly a year of negotiations between China and the Soviet Union, the Soviet Union finally agreed to return in batches 26,053 precious Chinese historical relics, including the Xixia Double-Headed Buddha in Heishui City and the Dunhuang Posthumous Letters. China will also return in batches the Soviet Union¡¯s past works in the Far East.  15,739 Soviet artifacts from various museums and cultural research institutions in the region.  China and the Soviet Union jointly established a Sino-Soviet cultural exchange center in Western Siberia - the Palace of Friendship, which regularly holds various cultural exchange activities.  So far, China and the Soviet Union have completely resolved the issue of returning Chinese cultural relics plundered by Tsarist Russia.  At the invitation of the U.S. government, Li Dawei led a Chinese scientific, technological and cultural delegation to visit the United States in February 1961. China and the United States held talks on cooperation in the space program and the return of Chinese cultural relics.  When Li Dawei met with President Kennedy, he first expressed his congratulations to the short-lived thirty-fifth president of the United States, Kennedy: "Mr. President, I sincerely congratulate you on becoming the oldest person in American history at the age of 43.  Young President. I really appreciate what you said in your speech, 'Ask not what your country can do for you, ask what you can do for your country. (Ask not what your country can do for you, but ask what you can do for your country.)'  I believe that the United States will make greater progress under your leadership. " "Mr. Li Dawei, welcome to come to the United States again. I have heard about you for a long time. You are a person who can constantly create new concepts.  "And a great prophet." Kennedy held Li Dawei's hand and said, "What amazing predictions will you bring us this time?" Li Dawei secretly smiled and said, "I will predict you two years later."  Do you believe that at 12:30 on November 22, Vice President Johnson was shot to death on Main Street in Dallas, Texas, accompanied by Vice President Johnson?  But he said: "I predict that with the efforts of scientists from China and the United States, astronauts from China and the United States will eventually land on the moon within 10 years." Kennedy eagerly hopes to change the United States' role in space  The situation of lagging behind China and the Soviet Union in competition.  They also hope to get help from China, which is far ahead of the United States and the Soviet Union in space exploration.  Kennedy said with some excitement and determination: "First of all, I am convinced that our country will achieve one goal before the end of this decade, which is to land astronauts on the moon and return safely. No single space program will be more important to mankind than this one."  Exciting, there is no plan that is more important for remote space exploration, and no plan is as expensive and challenging as the moon landing." Li Dawei also said to Kennedy with a smile: "I believe that humans will be there in the near future.  In the future, we will take a leap of 5,000 years and realize the dream of flying from the earth to the moon. Let us witness my prophecy together." "I sincerely hope that the United States and China can carry out more work in this field.  Broader and deeper cooperation. "Kennedy told Li Dawei full of hope: "It does cost too much in space exploration. It is beneficial for both of us to cooperate in the space exploration and cost sharing."  Li Dawei certainly knew that everything Kennedy said would come true as scheduled, on July 16, 1969, almost six years after Kennedy's assassination.  The huge "Saturn 5" rocket carried the "Apollo 11" spacecraft and ignited into space from the Cape Kennedy launch site in the United States, beginning the first human space journey to the moon.  American astronaut Michael Collins drove the Apollo 11 spacecraft across a journey of 380,000 kilometers, carrying the dream of all mankind and setting foot on the lunar surface.  The US Apollo program cost a total of US$25.5 billion.  It is very necessary for China to get involved in this plan, find out the strength of the United States in the aerospace field, and train a group of aerospace experts and astronauts for China.  Moreover, in this cooperation project in China, Laos and the United States can make a lot of money.  Li Dawei cooperated very well with Kennedy and said: "I very much agree with Mr. President's proposal. Let us China and the United States join hands to develop space for peaceful use and complete this great initiative of mankind."  "Then the two sides had a principled discussion on strengthening cooperation between China and the United States in the space field.  The cooperation framework between the two parties was determined.  Negotiations on cooperation between China and the United States in the space field are proceeding extremely smoothly.  Another task of Li Dawei¡¯s visit this time is to solve the problem of Chinese cultural relics plundered by the United States.  During the talks on the return of Chinese cultural relics looted by the United States, the two sides engaged in a fierce battle.  At the beginning of the negotiations, U.S. Deputy Secretary of State Markibull adopted a very tough attitude: "As far as we know, major museums in the United States do collect some Chinese cultural relics. But what is different from those in countries such as the United Kingdom, France, Japan, and Russia is that  , most of the Chinese cultural relics collected by major museums in the United States are throughProceeds from purchases through illegal channels.  These belong to the personal property of the U.S. government and each collector, and there is no issue of returning them to China.  " Li Dawei was already prepared for Markibul's attitude. He immediately said without any doubt, "Mr. Markibul, you should be very clear that since 1840, the Western imperialist powers have carried out a series of aggressive wars.  China has looted a large number of cultural relics.  The cultural relics collected by the U.S. government and every collector are plundered and illegal in terms of their origin. For the Chinese cultural relics you collect, whether you plundered them directly from China or purchased them,  Nothing can change their nature as spoils plundered by imperialist powers through wars of aggression, so they must be returned to China unconditionally no matter what.  "No, no," Markibul pretended to be upright and said, "The property of the U.S. government and the private property of American citizens are sacred and inviolable." Li Dawei looked at Markibul's hegemonic expression.  Like Niu B, he counterattacked tit for tat: "The property of the US government and the private property of US citizens are sacred and inviolable. Can the property of the Chinese government and the Chinese people be infringed at will?"  "Makibul thought for a moment and said, "Mr. Deputy Foreign Minister, as we all know, our U.S. government has been committed to the development of China's cultural undertakings. As early as 1907, President Theodore Roosevelt pointed out in his consultation paper to Congress: 'Our country  We should use our strength to help China implement strict education so that this huge number of citizens can gradually integrate into the modern world.  The method of assistance should be to recruit students to come to the United States and join our universities and other institutions of higher learning, so that they can achieve academic success and become talented. I understand that our country¡¯s education sector will surely embody this good intention, work together with morality, and sponsor this great event for the country.  ¡¯ Then we in the United States returned half of the ¡°Boxer Indemnity¡± received to China to support students studying in the United States.  "Mr. Deputy Secretary of State, we are now talking about the return of Chinese cultural relics from the United States. Don't talk to me about the United States' withdrawal of Boxer compensation," Li Dawei saw that Maqibul wanted to change the subject, and said rudely, "  The Gengzi Indemnity itself is a shameless plunder of China by the Western imperialist powers united.  Your U.S. refunding half of the Boxer Indemnity to fund Chinese students also serves your own strategic interests. President Roosevelt did this entirely because of what James, the president of the University of Illinois, claimed in a memorandum to Roosevelt in 1906.  : 'Which country can educate this generation of Chinese young people will be able to reap the greatest rewards in terms of spiritual and commercial impact due to the efforts made in this regard.  It is far more reliable for business to follow the dictates of the spirit than to follow the military standard.  ¡¯ The U.S. government took this measure to attract Chinese students to create a group of new leaders who would intellectually and spiritually dominate China for the United States.  " Markibull saw that Li Dawei was not moved at all. He said ungratefully and somewhat angrily: "The reason why I mentioned this historical fact is to let you Chinese know that we Americans and Britain, France, Japan and Russia  Those countries are different. We don¡¯t even want money, so why do we need those broken bottles and jars, broken copper and iron from China?  " Although Li Dawei has not personally experienced the disaster of burning, killing and looting by the Eight-Power Allied Forces in Beijing. But if you look at the United States in Iraq in later generations, you will know what it was like. After the United States occupied Iraq, more than 15,000 cultural relics were stolen  The looting included many ancient Mesopotamian jewelry and ceramics. Finally, after repeated appeals from the international community, 1/3 of the looted cultural relics were recovered.  He said with great disdain: "Mr. Markibull, the broken bottles and jars, broken copper and iron you mentioned in China are not only China's precious ancient works of art, but also part of China's cultural history.  You don¡¯t want to be so noble as you Americans say. The Eight-Nation Allied Forces are burning, killing, looting and looting in Beijing. One is not crazy compared to the other.  " Li Dawei knows that the United States has collected more than 200,000 fine Chinese cultural relics in major museums in later generations. Most of these cultural relics were illegally obtained through overseas smuggling after China's reform and opening up. In the 10 museums at the Museum of Fine Arts in Boston  The Chinese Cultural Relics Exhibition Hall contains many rare treasures of various categories such as sculptures, paintings, bronzes, and ceramics. Among the more than 5,000 ancient Chinese paintings in the museum, there is the representative work "Pictures of Emperors of the Past" by the Tang Dynasty painter Yan Liben, which is regarded as a national treasure.  , the well-preserved Song Dynasty copy of Tang Zhangxuan's "Pounding Practice Picture", Song Dynasty Huizong's "Five-Colored Parrot", etc.; the University of Pennsylvania Museum in the United States has the "Fist Hair" and "Sa Lu" from the "Six Horses of Zhaoling" inscribed on China's national gemstones.  "Purple". In the collection of China's local Stele Forest Museum, these two horses among the "Six Horses" can only be replaced by replicas; almost half of the collection of the Freer Museum of Art in Washington, USA, is Chinese cultural relics, including calligraphy and painting, Buddhist art,  Bronze, jade, pottery, etc.; Chinese cultural relics at the San Francisco Asian Art Museum are the main collection objects of the museum. There are more than 2,000 pieces of ceramics from the Neolithic Age to the Qing Dynasty, more than 1,200 pieces of jades, and 800 pieces of bronze. It is the largest collection of Chinese jade in the world.  BestA rich museum; in addition, the University of Chicago Library in the United States has a collection of nearly 400 kinds of ancient Chinese rare books, about 14,000 volumes; the Columbia University Library has a collection of 15,000 volumes of Chinese genealogy. Although Li Dawei is not sure which of these collections  Which ones were smuggled out of the country by later generations, and which ones were plundered by the bandits of the United States.  But what he can be sure of is that at least 10% of this huge number of cultural relics, that is, more than 20,000 pieces, must have been plundered.  [Member Dedication]
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